Review

New Issues in the Dynamic and Environmental Studies of the Bohai Sea

　

WU De-xing， LIN Xiao-pei， BAO Xian-wen

　

(Institute of Physical Oceanography and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

 

Abstract: In this paper, we firstly review the recent dynamic and environmental studies of the Bohai Sea and analyze the issues that exist in these studies. After the analysis we point out variations and processes of interannual and long term variations of salinity, the relative variations and processes of the circulations in the Bohai and Hunghai Seas, the adjustment of the sediment sources and sinks due to the variations of water and sand input by the Huanghe River are the important issues that require more attention in future dynamic and environmental studies of the Bohai Sea.

Key words: the Bohai Sea; salinity; interannual variation

　

综 述            

渤海动力环境研究应关注的新问题

　

吴德星， 林霄沛， 鲍献文

 

     (中国海洋大学物理海洋研究所， 物理海洋实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 回顾了近几年关于渤海动力环境的研究现状，分析了其中存在的问题。指出渤海盐度长期变化、年际尺度上变化的成因、过程；与此关联的渤海环流乃至黄海环流的变异及其过程；黄河入海的水、沙变化所引起发的渤海沉积物源汇的再调整等应是未来渤海动力环境研究中值得关注的重要问题。

关键词： 渤海； 盐度； 年际变化

中图法分类号： P731.2       文献标识码： A       文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-685-04

 

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 Review

　

Study on Climate Variability of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific

　

LIU Qin-yu

　

(Physical Oceanography Laboratory & OceanAtmospheric Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China)

　

Abstract： Variability of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific is very important in  Global Climate Change and  meridional heat transport. In this paper, new research achievements in the climate variation of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific during the last 10 years are reviewed. The main research achievements are as follows: The propagation features of Rossby waves in the global oceans was first observed using satellite altimeter; It has been confirmed that the Subtropic Countercurrent in the Northern Subtropic Pacific may be divided into two branches, and it has been discovered that one of them is related with the Mode Water in the Northwestern Pacific and the other is the result of OceanAtmosphereLand interaction; The quasi100 day oscillation of the Kuroshio transport has been discovered for the first time, etc. Some new scientific problems concerning the study on the climate variation of the Subtropical Gyre are put forward in this paper.

Key words: North Pacific； subtropical gyre； oceanatmosphere interaction； thermocline circulation

　

综 述

北太平洋副热带海洋环流气候变化研究

　

刘秦玉

　

(中国海洋大学 物理海洋实验室， 海洋－大气相互作用与气候实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 北太平洋副热带环流的变化在全球气候变化和热量的经向输送中占重要地位。本文对近10年有关北太平洋副热带海洋环流气候变化的研究进行了综述。主要研究成果有：用卫星高度计首次观测到全球海洋Rossby波的传播特征；确定了气候意义下北太平洋副热带逆流为2支，揭示了其中一支与北太平洋模态水的存在有关，另一支是夏威夷群岛附近海洋－大气－陆地相互作用的结果；首次发现了台湾以东黑潮流量有显著的准100天振荡等。本文还提出了在北太平洋副热带环流研究中目前存在的新科学问题。

关键词： 北太平洋； 副热带环流； 海洋大气相互作用； 温跃层

中图法分类号： P732.6     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-689-08

 

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Causes for Correlation and Inconsistency Between Two Kinds of Low-Frequent Signals

　

ZHAO Jin-ping 1,  SU Jie 2

　

(1. First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China； 2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： In the analysis of data with amplitude variation, lowfrequency signals may appear as decomposed results, referred to hereafter as filtered lowfrequency signals (FLSs). Lowfrequency signals may also be embodied in the amplitude variation of highfrequency signals, which are called amplitudevaried low-frequency signals (ALSs). The correlation between the two kinds of low-frequency signals is quite good, but with obvious inconsistency between them sometimes. It is indicated in this paper that an FLS embodies an average increase or decrease of the original signal, whereas an ALS expresses the decrease or increase of the difference between the extrema. Obvious inconsistency between the two kinds of lowfrequency signals is determined by the relationship of the maxima and minima. In the example of the surface air temperature (SAT) in Dalian, the extrema are extreme air temperatures in winter and summer. When the variation of winter air temperature is dominant, the running correlation coefficient is positive. When the summer air temperature variation is dominant, the difference of the two kinds of low-frequency signals becomes obvious, a powerful anomalous process must have occurred to destroy the normal process. The SAT in Dalian is mainly controlled by the cold system of the frigid zone. However, when in El Nina events appear, the process in the tropic zone enhances and the inconsistency between the FLS and ALS occurs. There are six negative time periods in the running correlation coefficient in our example from 1965 to 2003, and all of them coincide with the periods of El Nino processes. It is suggested that the FLS is effective in expressing an average low frequency process, whereas the ALS be used to reveal the exact cause of the average variation. The correlation analysis of FLS and ALS is helpful in extracting information on anomalous events.

Key words: temporal process; lowfrequency variation; running correlation; variable amplitude; air temperature

 

两种低频信息的关联和形成差异的原因

　

赵进平 1， 苏 洁 2

　

(1. 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266061； 2. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003) 

摘 要：在变振幅的数据分析中，低频信号可以反映在低频分析结 果中，也可以体现在高频信号的振幅变化中。本文将其分别称为滤波低频信号和变幅低频信 号。两种低频信号有很好的相关性，也存在明显差别。研究结果表明，滤波低频信号反映了 过程整体性的上升或下降，变幅低频信号反映了极大值与极小值之间差异的缩小或加大。两 种低频信号的差异多源于原始信号极大值与极小值变化过程之间的关系。在本文的例子中， 冬季气温变化占优势时两种低频信号的滑动相关系数为正值；夏季气温变化占优势是导致 两 种低频信号差异的根本原因，在物理上表现为一定发生了强大的异常过程，打破了气温正常 变化的秩序。大连站的气温变化主要受制于北方的冷空气过程，但当厄尔尼诺事件发生时， 热带的暖过程大大加强，导致两种低频信号发生明显的差异。从1965～2003年，滑动相关 系数共出现6次负时段，都对应着厄尔尼诺事件。因此，在低频过程的研究中，需要用滤波 低频信号研究整体性的低频变化。但是，在希望获取导致整体变化的主要成分时需要使用变 幅低频信号。另外，在揭示异常过程时需要用滑动相关系数来发现两种低频信号的差异，提取异常信息。

关键词：时间过程分析； 低频变化； 滑动相关； 变振幅； 气温 

中图法分类号：P714+3   文献标识码：A    文章编号：1672－5174(2004)05－697－07

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On the Fetch Law for Wind Waves in Deep Water

GUAN Chang-long 1， ZHANG Shu-fang 1， SUN Jian 1， SUN Qun 1,2

　

(1.  Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

　

Abstract: The existing wind wave growth formulas (WWGFs) in the form of power function, which were presented on the basis of measurements, are analyzed. It is shown that these WWGFs after eliminating the fetch are uniformly consistent with the 3/2 power law, though there are considerable discrepancy among them.It is found that there are similarities in terms of spectral integral among the wind input source terms given by Jeffreys, Sverdrup and Munk, and Plant and among the wave breaking dissipation source terms given by Tsikunov,Hasselmann and Philips,although the original forms and the physical considerations of these source terms are significantly different. A fractional fetch power law for wind wave growth in deep water is presented by combining the energy balance equation for significant waves with the observed similarities and the 3/2 power law. Semi-empirical WWGFs have been proposed by fitting the existing WWGFs with the derived fetch law. The proposed formulas are agreeably consistent with the available observational data.

Key words: wind wave; wind wave growth; fetch power law; wind input; energy dissipation; wave breaking; the 3/2 power law

　

深水风浪的风区指数律

　

管长龙 1， 张淑芳 1，  孙 建 1， 孙 群 1，2

　

(1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 中国科学院海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266071) 

摘 要：对已有根据观测提出的幂函数形式风浪成长关系进行了分 析。发现这些风浪成长关系在消去无因次风区后一致地与3/2指数律相协调，尽管它们原来 存在较大的不协调性。发现Jeffreys，Sverdrup和Munk以及Plant的风能输入源函数在谱积 分意义下具有相似性，而Tsikunov，Hasselmann和Phillips的破波耗散源函数在谱积分意义 下也具有相似性，尽管这些源函数的原始形式和物理背景显著地不同。利用有效波能量平衡 方程，将3/2指数律和发现的风能输入及破波耗散源函数相似性相结合，提出了深水风浪随 风区成长的分式指数律，以得到的分式指数律拟合已有基于观测提出的风浪成长关系提出了 半经验的风浪成长关系，与已有观测数据符合。

关键词：风浪； 风浪成长； 风区指数律； 风能输入； 能量耗散 ； 破碎波； 3/2指数律

中图法分类号：P731.2     文献标识码：A    文章编号：1672－5174(2004)05－704－09

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Review

　

Advance of the Researches on the Variations of Mean-Sea-Level (MSL) in the Coastal Waters of China

　

YU Yi-fa

　

(Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： In this paper, the recent researches on MSL variations in the coastal waters of China are reviewed and summed up. The summarization includes the causes of MSL variations, the development of the means for obtaining MSL data, the methods for analyzing MSL variations, and the main results in studying the rise speed of MSL. The significance and conclusions of the MSL balanced datum correction are briefly elucidated. Research on the 1985 National Elevation Datum and the results obtained are highlighted.

Key words: MSL in the coastal waters of China; causes of variation; methods of analysis; rise speed; balanced datum; 1985 National Elevation Datum

　

综 述

中国近海海平面变化研究进展

　

于宜法

(中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 回顾和总结了近年来有关我国近海地区海平面变化的研究进展。综述了海平面变化的原因，海平面资料获取手段的发展，分析研究海平面变化的方法和模型以及海平面上升速率方面的主要成果；简要介绍了海平面均衡基准订正的意义和主要结论；阐述了1985国家高程基准研究工作和成果。

关键词： 中国近海海平面； 变化原因； 研究方法； 上升速率； 均衡基准； 1985国家高程基准

中图法分类号： P731.23    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-713-07

 

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An Observational and Numerical Study of a Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea on 11 April， 2004

　

FU Gang 1, WANG Jing-qian 1, ZHANG Mei-gen 2, GUO Jing-tian 1, GUO Ming-ke 3, GUO Ke-cai 3

　

(1. Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Instilute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 3. The Northern Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

　

Abstract: In this paper, almost all available observational data and the RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling SystemVersion 4.4) model are employed to investigate a dense sea fog event occurred over the Yellow Sea on 11 April, 2004. The evolutionary process of this fog event is described based on the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)9 and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)14 visible satellite imagery. Also the synoptic situation prior to the sea fog formation and the temperature difference between the 2m air and sea surface during the sea fog formation are analyzed. The stability of the lower atmosphere when the sea fog occurred are also examined by using sounding data at Qingdao and Cheju stations. Finally, this sea fog event is simulated with the RAMS model. The area of lower horizontal visibility calculated based upon the model outputs agrees surprisingly well with the sea fog region identified from the visible satellite imagery.

Key words: sea fog; 3-dimensional numerical simulation; horizontal visibility

　

一次黄海海雾事件的观测与数值模拟研究——以2004年4月11日为例

　

傅 刚 1,2， 王菁茜 1， 张美根 2， 郭敬天 1， 郭明克 3， 郭可彩 3

　

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋气象系 山东 青岛 266003; 2. 中国科学院 大会物理研究所LAPC开放实验室， 北京 100029； 3. 国家海洋局北海分局海洋预报区台 山东 青岛 266071)

摘 要: 利用各种观测资料和RAMS(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)模式4.4版对2004年4月11日发生在黄海海域的一次海雾事件进行了研究。利用GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)9和NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)14可见光卫星云图对海雾的发生范围、演变过程等进行了描述，并对海雾发生前的大气背景场和气海温差场进行了分析；利用青岛和韩国济州岛2个站的探空资料对海雾发生时低层大气的稳定度进行了分析；利用RAMS模式对本次海雾事件进行了模拟，并计算了大气的水平能见度分布。计算结果与卫星云图所显示的雾区范围分布吻合很好。

关键词： 海雾; 三维数值模拟; 水平能见度

中图法分类号： P426.4；P458    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-720-07

 

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The Variation Characteristics in the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea

　

SUN Ji-lin, LIU Qin-yu

　

(Physical Oceanography Lab.＆ Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction and Climate Variation Lab, Ocean Univerinr of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： The characteristics of atmospheric circulation during summer monsoon onset over the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1958 to 1999. It is found that, there are remarkable differences in the average onset times determined by various indices although for certain years, common variation characteristics do exist during the onset stage. In normal years, the onset time of summer monsoon over the SCS is approximately in the fourth pentad of May. The heating in the south of the SCS near the Equator, along with the cold front from the coastal region of the northern SCS to the northwestern Pacific, over the continent north of the Bay of Bangle, and the cold front itself act together, leading to the onset of the summer monsoon. In early monsoon onset years , the convection in the south of the SCS and the cold air over the northwestern Pacific is stronger than they are in normal years. While in late monsoon onset years , the convection region is shifted northwestward to the eastern Indian Ocean, and the cold air over the northwestern Pacific is weaker than in normal years. From the viewpoint of predicting the onset of summer monsoon over the SCS, once the location of convection area near the equator in the south of the SCS persists, the arrival of cold front may probably indicate the setup of summer monsoon over the SCS. While the persistent location of convection over the eastern Indian Ocean may imply that the summer monsoon will be late, the convection induced by the cold front over the Krushio may contribute more to the summer monsoon onset over the SCS. 

Key words： composite analysis； summer monsoon over the South China Sea； atmospheric circulation； variation characteristics

　

南海夏季风爆发时期的大气环流变化特征

　

孙即霖， 刘秦玉

　

(中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室海气相互作用与气候变化实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘 要：利用美国国家环境预报中心和气象研究中心的42年模式再分 析资料，采用合成分析的方法，考察了南海夏季风爆发时期环流季节变化的特征。研究发现 ：尽管采用不同指标确定的南海夏季风爆发时间在有的年份差别很大，但各种不同指标对应 的南海夏季风爆发时期大气环流的变化具有某些共同的特征。通过对各种指标确定夏季风爆 发时间一致年份的大气环流特征分析表明，延伸到南海北岸附近地区的海上锋区对流加热和 孟加拉湾北部陆地上的对流加热、沿东亚近海向西太平洋推进的冷空气是控制南海夏季风爆 发的主要因素。对南海夏季风爆发早与爆发晚的年份的合成环流特征进一步表明：爆发早的 年份，影响东亚附近海区的冷空气势力和南海南部的对流活动相对强，而爆发晚的年份，冷空气和南海南部的对流活动的影响要相对弱的多。日本本岛南部黑潮海区因冷空气激发的对 流活动对南海夏季风的爆发也有重要的影响。

关键词：合成分析； 南海夏季风； 大气环流； 变化特征

中图法分类号：P732.6；P722.7     献标识码：A    文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05-727-10

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Calculation of Mixing Parameters in Jiaozhou Bay by Intensive Observation of Hydrographic Factors

WEI Hao 1,2, WANG Hai-tang 1, LIU Zhe 1

　

(Ocean University of China, 1. Institute of Physical Oceanography； 2. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： By using the methods of harmonic analysis, power spectrum analysis, linear regression and EOF, the intensive observation data of hydrographic factors in Jiaozhou Bay are analyzed; also calculated are turbulent kinematic dissipation rate and density diffusivity. Jiaozhou Bay is dominated by semidiurnal tidal components with tidal currents flowing back and forth. The rainstorm before the observation causes strong thermohaline stratification. Due to the tidal water exchange with the Yellow Sea, the temperature/salinity appears to be in/out of phase with the tidal elevation. The orders of magnitude of the turbulent kinematic dissipation rate and density diffusivity are 10 -5w·m -3 and 10 -6m 2·s -1, respectively, with their first mode eigenvectors being characterized by increase with depth and corresponding time coefficients having a significant 6hour period.

Key words： hydrographic factors； mixing； Jiaozhou Bay

　

依据水文强化观测计算胶州湾水体混合参数

　

魏 皓 1,2, 王海棠 1, 刘 哲 1

　

(中国海洋大学, 1. 物理海洋研究所； 2. 教育部物理海洋重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘 要：根据2001年夏季胶州湾连续站观测资料，从分析潮汐、潮流特征和温度、盐度变化趋势入手，计算了湍动能耗散率和密度扩散系数。借助调和分析、 谱分析、线性回归和经验正交分析方法，得到各观测要素的统计特征，并讨论其成因。研究 表明，胶州湾以半日潮振荡占优，水平潮流表现为往复流的形式；由于观测前台风过境，降 水骤增，径流量变大，温度、盐度层化显著，并伴随湾内与外海水交换的进行，温/盐与潮 位分别表现为显著的负/正 相关，盐度逐日升高并趋于新的平衡；湍动能耗散率和密度扩散系数的量级分别为10-5 w·m-3和10-6m2·s-1，受强潮流剪切影响该值明显高于陆架边缘 海域，其空间主要模态表现为表层小、底层大，相应时间系数存在大约6h的显著周期。

关键词：水文特征； 混合； 胶州湾

中图法分类号：P731.23    文献标识码：A      文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05-737-05

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Review

Medications for Aquaculture Diseases and the Safety of Aquatic Products

　

ZHAN Wen-bin, LIU Hong-ming, WANG Yue

　

(The Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, LMMEC, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： Medication is the main approach to controlling the diseases of aquaculture animals. Inadequate remedies can lead to many negative consequences, such as resistance, residues, environment deterioration, finally lead to food safety problems. The main pathogens in aquaculture are virus, bacteria and parasites. The abuse of medicines, not suiting the remedy to the case, few works on residue research, more works on therapy but fewer on prevention, all these can lead to resistance, allergy, poisoning, mutagenicity, careinogenicity and teratogenicity. Therefore, more attention must be paid to ecological aquaculture and disease prevention, to the development of biomedicines and vaccines, to further execution of the laws, and to the realization of an environmentally hazardfree aquaculture.

Key words: aquatic animals diseases; medicine; residues; aquatic products safety

　

综 述

水产养殖病害及其药物控制与水产品安全

　

战文斌， 刘洪明， 王 越

　

(中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室 水产动物病害与免疫研究室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 针对目前我国水产养殖过程中对发生的病害多采用药物控制极易造成因药物使用不当或盲目用药等原因，使细菌产生耐药性、水产品中出现药物残留、养殖环境不断恶化的同时，最终会影响食品安全的现状。从常见病毒病、细菌病，以及寄生虫病等论述开展对药物残留毒性研究，重视专用渔药研制、加强用药指导，减少用药盲目性等工作的重要性。

关键词： 水产养殖病害； 药物； 药物残留； 水产品安全

中图法分类号： S94    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-758-03

 

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Review

Progress in Research of  Marine Bioactive Peptides

　

GUAN Hua-shi, HAN Yu-qian, FENG Xiao-mei

　

(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266101,China)

　

Abstract： In recent years, marine bioactive peptides have been a drug research hotspot. Recent researches on marine bioactive peptides including those isolated from marine organisms and marine protein enzyme hydrolysates are reviewed in this paper. It is intended to provide useful information for further research in marine bioactive peptides.

Key words: marine bioactive peptides; marine organism;  marine protein hydrolysates

　

综 述

海洋活性多肽的研究进展

　

管华诗， 韩玉谦， 冯晓梅 

　

(中国海洋大学国家海洋药物工程技术研究中心， 山东 青岛 266101)

　

摘 要： 根据海洋活性多肽是近年来新药研究热点的现状，本文对天然存在的海洋活性多肽和海洋蛋白酶解活性肽的研究进展进行了综述。为进一步开展海洋活性多肽的研究提供参考。

关键词： 海洋活性多肽； 海洋生物； 海洋蛋白酶解物

中图法分类号： R 969    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-761-06

　

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 Review

Stress in Aquaculture and Its Prevention with Emphasis on Nutritional Methods

　

MAI Kang-sen, AI Qing-hui， XU Wei, LIU FU Zhi-guo

　

(The Key Laboratory of Maricultur, Ministry of Education， Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)

　

Abstract： Stress in aquaculture is a stimulus of environmentalfactors acting on aquatic organisms that are unable to maintain a normal physiologic state because of various factors adversely affecting its wellbeing. The stresses in aquaculture can be divided into four categories: physical stress, chemical stress, biological stress and management stress. The evaluation indices for stresses include blood cortisol, glucose, lactate, catecholamine and heat shock protein, etc. Stresses usually have negative effects on the physiology, growth and reproduction, immunity, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. In order to prevent stresses or alleviate their negative influences, stressors should be removed and/or the stress resistance of animals should be enhanced. In this paper, the available literature in the past 10 years on aquaculture stresses are reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on nutritional methods for stresse influence minimization. The mechanism for the prevention of stresses or the alleviation their influence of through nutritional modulation needs further studies.

Key words： aquaculture; stress; prevention; nutrition

　

综 述

水产养殖中的环境胁迫及其预防——营养学途径

　

麦康森, 艾庆辉， 徐 玮， 刘付志国

　

(中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 环境胁迫强弱程度的不同对养殖动物的生理功能、免疫力、生长和繁殖有不同程度的负面影响。本文综述近10多年来关于水产养殖环境胁迫的最新研究成果，重点介绍如何通过营养调控提高养殖动物的抗胁迫能力，以缓解或减轻环境胁迫所带来的负面效应。并指出未来的重要研究方向是探讨提高养殖动物抗胁迫能力的途径和作用机制。

关键词： 水产养殖； 环境胁迫； 预防； 营养

中图法分类号： S963.16    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-767-08

 

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 Review

Progress of Marine Shellfishes Culture in China and Its Prospect

　

WANG Ru-cai, ZHENG Xiao-dong

　

(College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract: In this paper, the remarkable achievements of marine shellfishes culture in China are reviewed, including enlargement of aquaculture area, yields and species, improvement of seedling technique, development of introduction and breeding as well as some successful experiments of polyculture and rotational culture. The problems are also summarized such as culture pollution, overloaded culture, diseases etc. The directions and strategies in marine shellfish culture are put forward.

Key words: marine shellfish； culture progress； review

　

综 述

我国海产贝类养殖进展及发展前景

　

王如才, 郑小东

　

(中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 综述了我国贝类养殖中养殖面积、产量和养殖种类不断增加；苗种生产技术不断完善；引种和育种得到了飞速发展，混养与轮养技术取得的宝贵经验等成绩。总结了目前存在并急需解决的引种和育种、污染、超负荷养殖、病害等问题，提出了今后发展的方向和战略构想。

关键词： 海产贝类； 养殖进展； 综述

中图法分类号： S968.3    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-775-06

 

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 Review

The Occurrence, Ecological Effects of HAB and Countermeasures Against it

　

PAN Ke-hou,  JIANG Guang-xin

　

(The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao  266003, China)

　

Abstract： The definition, inductive factors, ecological effects and treatments of harmful alga bloom(HAB) are discussed in this paper. Based on these aspects, the prospects of research on HAB are predicted to present advice on the research of HAB, including prediction, precaution, ecological treatments and loss reduction.

Key words: harmful alga bloom(HAB); toxic effect; factor; research status; prospect

　

综 述

有害藻华(HAB)的发生、生态学影响和对策

　

潘克厚, 姜广信

　

(中国海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室,  山东 青岛  266003)

　

摘 要： 论述了有害藻华(HAB)的含义、成因及其生态学影响，总结了目前有害藻华的治理方法。在此基础上，对今后赤潮研究的发展趋势作了预测，以期为赤潮的研究工作、预警预报和生态学防治及其防灾减灾提供借鉴。

关键词： 赤潮(HAB)； 毒害作用； 成因； 研究现状； 发展趋势

中图法分类号：X55      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05-781-06

　

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The Effect of Salinity and pH Changes on Gill Na +K +ATPase Activity of  Litopenaeus vannamei

　

PAN Lu-qing, LIU Zhi, JIANG Ling-xu

　

(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,China)

　

Abstract： This paper studies the influence of salinity and pH on gill Na +K +ATPase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The results indicate that salinity and pH changes have a significant effect on gill Na +K +Atpase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei (F＞F0.01). During the first 3 days of the salinity treating, the gill Na +K +ATPase activity of the shrimp in all treatments increased gradually with the sampling time, and the enzyme activity in every treatment  tended to be stable in the period from the third to fifteenth day and were markedly high as compared to the control treatments(F＞F0.05), meanwhile the salinity lowered as the enzyme activity increased. During the first 3 days of the pH changes, the gill Na +K +ATPase activity of all treatments changed in curved loci, and the peaks appeared at 9th hour and 12th hour separately when pH value of assay groups decreased or increased compared with the controls. During the period from the third to twelfth day, gill Na +K +ATpase activity of all treatments tended to be stable and had no significant differences (F＜F0.05).

Key words： salinity; pH; Litopenaeus vannamei; gill; Na +K +ATPase

　

盐度、pH变化对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力的影响

　

潘鲁青， 刘 志， 姜令绪

　

(中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 本文研究了盐度、pH变化对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力的影响。结果表明：盐度、pH变化对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力的影响显著(F＞F0.01)。在盐度变化(30→5)3d内，各处理组鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力随着处理时间的增加逐渐升高；至3～15d时，不同盐度下鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力趋于稳定，与对照组相比酶活力明显升高(F＞F0.05),而且盐度越低酶活力越大。在pH变化(7.0←8.0→9.5)3d内，各处理组鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力随着处理时间的增加呈峰值变化，表现为向低pH和向高pH变化分别于9h和12h达到最大值，至3d时均恢复正常；在pH变化3～12d内，不同pH环境下鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力无明显差异(F＜F0.05)。

关键词： 盐度； pH； 凡纳滨对虾； 鳃丝； Na +K +ATPase

中图法分类号： X171.1；S968.22     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-787-04

　

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Partial Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and 16S rRNAGenes of Protosalanx hyalocranius and Salangichthys microdon

　

GAO Tian-xiang 1, CHEN Sheng-ping 2, HAN Zhi-qiang 1， LIU Jin-xian 1, ZHANG Ya-ping 3

　

(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Sun YatSen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; 3. Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, China)

　

Abstract： The mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes fragments of Protosalanx hyalocranius and Salangichthys microdon were amplified and sequenced. The cytochrome b sequence results showed that no sequence variation was observed in Protosalanx hyalocranius; there were two haplotypes in Salangichthys microdon samples. There were 86 different sites (21%) between P. hyalocranius and S. microdon (haplotype SB-1). No individual variation was observed in the partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene of P. hyalocranius or S. microdon. There were 21 different sites (5%) and one deletion/insertion occured between P. hyalocranius and S. microdon. This study suggests that the evolution rate of cytochrome b was four times that of 16S rRNA. The cytochrome b sequence divergence indicated that divergence of the two species occurred during the late Miocene.

Key words: Protosalanx hyalocranius; Salangichthys microdon; cytochrome b; 16S rRNA; sequence

 

大银鱼和小齿日本银鱼线粒体细胞色素b和16S rRNA基因部分序列分析

　

高天翔 1, 陈省平 2， 韩志强 1, 刘进贤 1, 张亚平 3

　

(1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 中山大学， 广东 广州 510275； 3. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所， 云南 昆明 650223)

　

摘 要： 对大银鱼和小齿日本银鱼的线粒体细胞色素b和16S rRNA基因片段进行了扩增和序列测定，分析比较了2种间的序列差异。大银鱼2个个体间细胞色素b基因序列无差异，小齿日本银鱼3个个体的序列出现了2种单倍型；大银鱼同小齿日本银鱼细胞色素b序列(单倍型SB-1)之间存在86个碱基差异(差异率21%)，变异较大。大银鱼、小齿日本银鱼的16S rRNA基因片段种内个体间无序列差异，两种间存在21个碱基的差异(差异率5%)，有1个碱基的插入/缺失。由此可见，2种银鱼间线粒体细胞色素b基因的进化速率较快，约为16S rRNA基因片段的4倍。根据细胞色素b序列数据，推算出2种银鱼大概在中新世晚期发生分化。

关键词： 大银鱼； 小齿日本银鱼； 细胞色素b； 16S rRNA； 序列

中图法分类号： S931; Q953    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-791-04

　

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A Study of Monocells Derived from Macroalgae for Shellfish Breeding

　

DAI Ji-xun, HU Jing-jie, WANG Hai, HAN Bao-qin，YANG Kun-feng, LIU Qiu-ming

　

(College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： Monocells were derived from macroalgae, Porphyra yezoensis and Undaria pinnatifida by digestion with algatool enzymes. The monocells were then used to feed the parents or larvae of bay scallop Argopecten irradians, the parents of blood cockle Arca inflata, and the juveniles of abalone Haliotis discus, respectively. The results showed that the parents of bay scallop fed with P. yezoensis monocells could mature, discharge eggs and sperms, and the embryo could develop normally. Feeding the bay scallop with a mixture of P. yezoensis monocells and the unicellular algae promoted their gonadal development and the animals had the highest gonadal index. It is clear that P. yezoensis monocells could provide enough nutrients and energies to support the growth, development and metamorphosis. However, the metamorphosis rate and growth rate of the larvae were lower than those fed with either unicellular algae or a mixture of P. yezoensis monocells and the unicellular algae. The parents of blood cockle fed with P. yezoensis monocells, the unicellular algae or a mixture of P. yezoensis monocells and the unicellular algae could mature and release their eggs and sperms. The fertilized eggs developed normally to Dveligerstage larvae. The results also showed that U. pinnatifida monocells could promote the survival rate of abalone juveniles compared with artificial food. This study shows that  monocells isolated from macroalgae will be useful for seed production in marine animals. 

Key words： enzyme treatment； macroalgae； monocell diet； shellfish breeding

　

大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究

 

戴继勋， 胡景杰， 王 海， 韩宝芹， 杨NE021峰， 刘秋明

　

(中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要: 用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明：(1) 海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近，亲贝都能成熟，排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育，性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。(2) 紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝，都能满足亲贝的性腺发育，进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。(3) 用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较，能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明，由大型藻生产单细胞饵料，在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 酶处理； 大型藻； 单细胞饵料； 贝类育苗

中图法分类号： S963.21；S968.3     文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-795-04

　

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 Review

 

Some Progress on the Study of Meiofauna

　

ZHANG Zhinan， ZHOU Hong

　

(College of Life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： Recenty the authors were invited to attend the Twelfth International Meiofauna Conference held in Ravenna, Italy July 1116, 2004. Based on the data collected from the TWIMCO together with the available information, the history, present status, trends and some important progress in meiofauna study are provided. Some strategy and tactics to enhance the study in this field are also suggested.

Key words: meiofauna; marine ecology; benthic-pelagic coupling; global change.

　

综 述

国际小型底栖生物研究的某些进展

　

张志南， 周 红

　

(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 论述了海洋小型底栖生物的定义、历史及当前国际研究的某些最新动态、依据我国目前研究的现状提出了今后策略和应着重加强的研究方向。

关键词： 小型底栖生物； 海洋生态； 水层-底栖耦合； 全球变化

中图法分类号： ［P735］； Q178.1     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-799-08

　

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Review

Introduction to a New Economical Seaweed, Cladosiphon okamuranus

　

ZHANG Xue-cheng 1， ZHENG Lan-hong 1， LIU Su-wen 2， TANG Xiao-rong 1， WANG Jing-feng 1

(1. College of Marine Life Sciences，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003， China; 2. Yantai Sunshine Foodstuff Co. Ltd., Yantai 264006, China)

　

Abstract： In this paper, a new economical seaweed, Cladosiphon okamuranus is introduced, and described the importance of importing new economical species and developing new seaweed cultivation industry in China. The biological characters, cultivating, processing, application value of the alga, and the primary results of our own research on this species are summarized. Prospects for the development of Cladosiphon okamuranus cultivation in our country is also discussed.

Key words: Cladosiphon okamuranus; economical seaweeds; biological character; cultivating; application

 

综 述

一种新型经济海藻——冈村枝管藻

　

张学成 1， 郑兰红 1， 刘素文 2， 汤晓荣 1， 王静凤 1

　

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 烟台文昌食品有限公司， 山东 烟台 264006 )

　

摘 要： 介绍了1种新型经济海藻冈村枝管藻。阐明了引进新型经济海藻，对进一步发展我国海藻栽培业的经济意义和生态意义，综述了该物种的生物学特性、栽培和加工情况、应用价值，以及作者在这方面初步的研究工作，并展望了在我国发展枝管藻栽培业的前景。

关键词： 枝管藻； 经济海藻； 生物学特性； 栽培； 应用

中图法分类号： Q178.53；S968.42      文献标识码： A      文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-807-04

　

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Study on the Method of Determining Glucosamine Content in CM-Chitosan

　

HAN Bao-qin 1， LIU Wan-shun 1， CUI Li-hua 2， HE Jun 1， SUN Ming-kun 1

　

(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China; 2. Shandong Province Institute for Drug Control, Jinan 250012, China)

　

Abstract: The method of determining glucosamine content in CM-chitosan was studied. The CMchitosan sample was hydrolyzed in 6mol/L HCl at 120℃ for 2.5h. Glucosamine in this solution performed a quantitative reaction with the acetylacetone agent, which made the hydrolyzed sample solution perform a quantitative reaction and show colour. So it can be quantitatively measured by the spectrophotometric method. The maximum absorptive wavelengths of the glucosamine hydrochloride standard solution and the CMchitosan hydrolyzed sample solution were both 525nm and the correlation of the absorbance value with the glucosamine content was very good. This analysis method is special for glucosamine, and the precision and stability are good.

Key words: CM-chitosan; glucosamine; acetyl-acetone; spectrophotometric method

　

羧甲基壳聚糖中氨基葡萄糖含量测定方法的研究

　

韩宝芹 1， 刘万顺 1， 崔丽华 2， 贺 君 1， 孙明昆 1

　

(1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 山东省药品检验所， 山东 济南 250012)

摘 要：以乙酰丙酮试剂结合分光光度法和以盐酸氨基葡萄糖为对 照品，确定羧甲基壳聚糖的氨基葡萄糖含量测定方法。羧甲基壳聚糖在6mol/L HCl、120℃ 条件下水解2.5h，羧甲基壳聚糖水解样品溶液，效果较好；盐酸氨基葡萄糖对照品溶液和羧 甲基壳聚糖水解样品溶液中的氨基葡萄糖与乙酰丙酮试剂进行定量反应，使溶液呈色，采用 分光光度法进行定量分析，两者最大光吸收波长均为525nm，线性关系良好；该方法对氨基 葡萄糖有较好的专属性、精密度和稳定性。可用于羧甲基壳聚糖的氨基葡萄糖定量分析。

关键词：羧甲基壳聚糖； 氨基葡萄糖； 乙酰丙酮； 分光光度法

中图法分类号：P714+.5； R318.08    文献标识码：A   文章编号：1672－5174(2004)05－811－05

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The Genetic Diversity of Wild and Farmed Japanese Flounder Populations

　

 ZHANG Quan-qi,XU Xiao-fei, QI Jie, WANG Xing-lian, BAO Zhen-min

　

(College of Life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： The genetic diversity of cultured and wild populations of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were analyzed and compared using AFLP. The wild population was collected from the coastal area of Rongcheng, Shangdong Province and the cultured population was hatcheryreared offspring of wild caught individuals from the same area. A total of 797 loci were generated with 7 primer combinations, of which 433 (54.27%) were polymorphic loci. Variations in the ability to detect genetic diversity among different primer combinations were observed in both wild and culture populations. However, the cultured population showed smaller numbers of total loci and lower percentages of polymorphic loci. The average percentages of polymorphic loci in the wild and cultured populations were 46.18% and 40.07%, respectively. The noticeable decrease in the number of rare loci and the increase in the number of homozygous recessive loci in the cultured population suggested a considerable loss of rare alleles in the cultured population. This may have resulted from small effective population sizes during artificial seed production.

Key words： Japanese flounder； AFLP； cultured population； genetic diversity

　

牙鲆野生群体与养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

　

张全启， 徐晓斐， 齐 洁， 王兴莲， 包振民

　

(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 利用AFLP技术对荣成野生群体和养殖群体牙鲆进行遗传多样性分析和比较。实验采用7对引物组合在2个群体中共扩增出797个位点，其中多态位点数为433个，占总位点数的54.27%。各引物组合在2个群体中的扩增位点数目和多态位点比例有较大不同，但养殖群体的总扩增位点数和多态位点比例均低于野生群体，野生群体和养殖群体的平均多态位点率分别为46.18%和40.07%，其中，E38M50引物组合在两群体中扩增的多态位点比例差异显著(P<0.05)。养殖群体中低频位点明显减少而隐性纯合基因位点显著增加。群体遗传结构分析表明，两群体间的遗传距离比较小，群体遗传结构相似，说明养殖群体尚没有形成自己独立的遗传结构。

关键词： 牙鲆； AFLP； 养殖群体； 遗传多样性  

中图法分类号： Q347；S965.3    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-816-05

　

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Mechanism of Mode Coupling and RayMode Transformation

　

WANG Ning 1, LIU Jin－zhong 1, WU De－xing 2

　

(Ocean University of China 1. Department of Physics; 2. Physical Oceanography Institute, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： We study the mechanism of acoustic normal mode coupling from the aspects of raymode transformation and interference structures of acoustic waveguide in the ocean. An approximate expression for the forward scattering matrix of normal modes is presented. An “imaging medium" technique is introduced, and a clear physical picture and “picture solution" for mode coupling are obtained. It is shown that mode coupling for acoustic normal modes is, in fact, determined by both the interference structures of sound waveguide and environmental perturbation. Several interpretations of reported phenomena are given. A simple explanation for the time reversal mirror technique is also presented.

Key words： raymode transformation； interference structure； mode coupling

　

简正波耦合机理与(广义)射线简正波转换

 

王 宁 1, 刘进忠 1, 吴德星 2

　

(中国海洋大学 1. 物理系； 2. 物理海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 结合广义射线简正波转换、声场强度干涉结构研究了简正波耦合机理。给出了1种简正波前向耦合矩阵的近似表示形式；引入“介质虚像”技法和图解法,讨论了简正波耦合的直观物理图象。证明简正波耦合强弱由声场强度干涉结构和环境扰动所决定，并解释了一些文献中描述的现象。利用“介质虚像”技法，给出了时间反转镜技术原理的简明解释。

关键词： 广义射线简正波转换；干涉结构；简正被耦合

中图法分类号： P733.2      文献标识码： A      文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-821-05

　

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Multi-PoseandExpression Face Image Retrieval Based onPartitioned Fractal Coding

　

JI Guang-rong 1, QU Cui-lu 1, ZHAO Wen-cang 1, LIAO Xiang-dong 2, QU Xin-yue 3

　

(1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Police Office of Qingdao, Qingdao 266001, China; 3. Army Unit 91913 in Dalian, Dalian 116041, China)

　

Abstract: According to the feature that the domain block is in onetoone correspondence with the least mean square error (LMSE) in fractal coding, a multiposeandexpression face retrieval method is proposed in this paper. The retrieval image is divided into range blocks whose sizes are the same as those stored in the database, then the range blocks are coded in terms of preset domain blocks, which results in an LMSE. Compute the Euclid distance between the above LMSE and the one stored in the database. Average the Euclid distances of all the range blocks in the retrieval image, then the images whose average Euclid distances are smaller are selected as the retrieval images. The experiments prove that the images stored in the database can be retrieved rapidly and exactly.

Key words: image retrieval; fractal coding; the domain block; LMSE

　

基于分块分形编码的多姿态、表情人脸图像检索

　

姬光荣 1， 曲翠璐 1， 赵文仓 1， 廖向东 2， 屈新岳 3

　

(1. 中国海洋大学 信息科学与工程学院， 山东 青岛 266003; 2. 青岛市公安局， 山东 青岛 266001; 3. 91913部队， 辽宁 大连 116041)

　

摘 要： 利用图像分形编码中定义域块和最小均方误差一一对应的特点，提出了1种基于分形编码的多姿态、表情的人脸图像检索方法。该方法将待检索图像分割为相同大小的值域块，然后将每一值域块按给定的定义域块进行分形编码，得到最小均方误差，计算该最小均方误差与图像库中最小均方误差的欧氏距离。将待检索图像所有值域块的欧氏距离求平均，此平均欧氏距离较小的几幅图像即为检索出的图像。实验证明该方法能够准确地检索出图像库中存储的同一人的不同姿态、表情的图像。

关键词： 图像检索； 分形编码； 定义域块； 最小均方误差

中图法分类号： TP391.41    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-826-05

　

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 Review

 

Intelligent Robots and Development

　

MENG Qing-chun 1,2， QI Yong 3， ZHANG Shu-jun 1， DU Chun-xia 1， YIN Bo 3， GAO Yun 1

　

(1. Department of Computer Science， Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. The State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China； 3. Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

　

Abstract： With the development of robotic technology, intelligent robots have become the mainstream in many fields and have broad application prospects. This paper introduces the definition and development history of robots, elaborates the key technologies in intelligent robots research, presents the current situation of each kind of robot and gives corresponding examples. Finally, the development and research trend of intelligent robots in the future is discussed.

Key words: intelligent robots; information fusion; intelligent control; intelligent user interface

　

综 述

智能机器人及其发展

　

孟庆春 1,2， 齐 勇 3， 张淑军 1， 杜春侠 1， 殷 波 3， 高 云 1

　

(1. 中国海洋大学计算机科学系， 山东 青岛 266071； 2. 清华大学智能技术与系统国家重点实验室， 北京 100084； 3. 中国海洋大学电子工程系， 山东 青岛 266071)

摘 要： 智能机器人是一个国家高科技发展水平的重要标志之一，具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了机器人的定义和发展阶段，阐述了智能机器人研究领域的关键技术，总结了国内外各类机器人的发展现状并给出相应实例，最后分析并展望了智能机器人今后的发展和研究趋势。

关键词： 智能机器人； 信息融合； 智能控制； 智能人机接口

中图法分类号： TP242.6    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-831-08

　

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A Discussion of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm， Solving ContainerLoading Problem

　

DING Xiang-qian 1， HAN Yun-shi 2， ZHANG Xiao-li 2

　

(Ocean University of China， 1. Center of Information Engineering; 2. Department of Computer Science，Qingdao 266071， China)

　

Abstract: Container loading problem is a combinatorial optimization problem with a broad application background. It involves constraint complexity, so it is difficult to obtain an optimal solution. In this paper, the adaptive genetic algorithm for complex containerloading problem is studied and an effective decoding algorithm is presented. Cross generational elitist selection, which aims at keeping the population's diversity, is employed in the algorithm. Simulation result, which is rational, is 10 percent higher than that of the heuristic algorithm solution under an opposite situation, so it demonstrates that the genetic algorithm is an effective approach to solve a complex container loading problem.

Key words: genetic algorithm; container loading; adaptive; space dividing; combinatorial optimization

　

自适应遗传算法解决集装箱装载问题的方法探讨

　

丁香乾 1， 韩运实 2， 张晓丽 2

　

(中国海洋大学 1. 信息工程中心； 2. 计算机系， 山东 青岛 266071)

 

摘 要: 集装箱装箱问题是1个有很强应用背景的组合优化问题，约束条件多，求解极为困难。本文探讨了自适应遗传算法在复杂集装箱装载问题中的应用，算法中采用跨世纪精英选择策略保持了群体的多样性，并给出了有效的解码算法。实例仿真结果显示出很好的效果，同等条件下求解结果比使用启发式算法高出近10个百分点，表明该算法是行之有效的。键词： 遗传算法； 集装箱装载； 自适应； 空间划分； 组合优化

中图法分类号： TB114.1；TP39    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-844-05

　

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Studies on Size Effect on  Chaetoceros curvisetusin Different Concentrations of Petroleum Hydrocarbon

　

WANG Xiu-lin, YANG Ru-jun, ZHU Chen-jian

　

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract: The maximum growth rate of Chaetoceros curvisetus in petroleum hydrocarbon of different concentrations was studied in detail. Under different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon, the influence of petroleum hydrocarbon to cell size was discussed. The relationship between maximum growth rate of Chaetoceros curvisetus and MESD was also carefully studied. The results showed that the growth rate of Chaetoceros curvisetus was generally promoted under the experimental petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations. The sample exposed to 0.5mg·dm -3 petroleum hydrocarbon showed the maximum growth rate. No significant changes in cell size distribution were observed during the growth  of Chaetoceros curvisetus. That is to say, the Gaussian function could describe  the cell size distribution of Chaetoceros curvisetus, and the MESD value varied not only in step with petroleum hydrocarbon concentration fluctuation but with the growth time course. The existence of petroleum hydrocarbon changed the relationship between μmax and MESD from an Allometric function to the form of a Ushaped curve, that is to say when the MESD was less than 4.09μm, μmax decreased as MESD increased MESD, which in accordance with “Surface law", while when MESD was exceeded 4.09μm, the μmax increased in accordance with MESD, which was beyond the rule of “surface law".

Key words: Chaetoceros curvisetus； marine phytoplankton； petroleum hydrocarbon; cell size

　

石油烃污染物存在下旋链角毛藻生长的粒度效应初步研究

　

王修林， 杨茹君， 祝陈坚

　

(中国海洋大学 化学化工学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 研究了在石油烃存在下旋链角毛藻的最大生长速率，探讨了石油烃对细胞粒度的影响，并在此基础上讨论了细胞生长的粒径效应。结果表明，石油烃的存在促进旋链角毛藻的生长，促进作用随石油烃浓度的增加先增加后降低，添加0.5mg·dm -3石油烃的实验组促进作用最大；石油烃不改变细胞生长过程中的粒径分布形态，粒径分布呈现Gauss分布，中值等效球径为3.54～4.42μm；μmax与MESDμ之间存在“U”形曲线的关系，即当MESDμ＜4.09μm时，μmax随MESDμ的增加而降低，符合“表面积规则”，而当MESDμ＞4.09μm时，μmax随MESDμ的增加，偏离了“表面积规则”。

关键词： 旋链角毛藻； 海洋浮游植物； 石油烃； 粒度

中图法分类号： X55;X171;P714 +.5          文献标识码： A             文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-849-05

　

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 Review

Recent Progress in the Study of Oceanic Dimethylsulfoniopropionate

　

YANG Gui-peng， JING Wei-wen， LU Xiao-lan

　

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： DMSP(dimethylsulfoniopropionate) is recognized as the major precursor of marine DMS. DMSP plays very important roles in marine microbial ecology and biogeochemistry. DMSP may serve as an intracellular osmolyte and cryoprotectant under low temperatures. DMSP appears to be a major source of sulfur and carbon for marine bacterioplankton. There are many factors affecting the distribution of DMSP in seawater. In this review, a brief discussion is given about three pathways of DMSP biosynthesis. When DMSP degrades, two different products are obtained: DMS and methanethiol. A new hypothesis is presented in which DMSP production is described as an “overflow” mechanism for excess reduced compounds and for energy excess. As an important compound in marine biogeochemistry and ecology and evolution, DMSP should deserve more and more attention.

Key words： DMSP; DMS; marine biogeochemistry

　

综 述

海洋中DMSP的研究进展

　

杨桂朋， 景伟文， 陆小兰

　

(中国海洋大学化学化工学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： DMSP(dimethylsulfoniopropionate，β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐)作为DMS(dimethylsulfide，二甲基硫)的前体，是1种重要的生源硫化物。根据其在海洋生态系统和生物地球化学循环中所起着的重要作用，作者综述了国内外海洋科学工作者十几年来在DMSP研究方面的进展。

关键词： β二甲基巯基丙酸内盐; 二甲基硫; 海洋生物地球化学

中图法分类号： P734     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-854-07

　

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Fitting Method of Membership Function of the Oceanic SubsurfaceIntermediate Mixing Water Mass and Analysis of Water Masses in the South China Sea

　

LI Feng-qi， XIE Jun， ZU Ting-ting

　

(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

　

Abstract： In this paper, an analysis is made of the distribution and the characteristics of the three vertically located water masses, i.e. the Subsurface Water Mass, the SubsurfaceIntermediate Water Mass and the Intermediate Water Mass. Some improvements on the fitting methods of the membership functions of the oceanic Subsurface Water Mass and the Intermediate Water Mass are made, and then a new method, i.e. the Envelope Curve Method is presented to fit the membership function of the SubsurfaceIntermediate Water Mass, thus, in combination with the other two, forming a complete set for fitting the membership functions of the three water masses. These new methods are then used to calculate the distribution of the three relevant water masses in the entire area of the South China Sea and a general status of distribution and variability of these water masses is outlined. Furthermore, also discussed their characters, differences and formation.

Key words:  water mass; membership function; the South China Sea; the Bashi Channel

　

大洋性次-中层混合水团隶属函数的拟合及南海水团分析

　

李凤岐, 谢 骏， 俎婷婷

　

(中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院； 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 讨论了铅直向叠置3层水团，即次表层水团、次中层混合水团和中层水团的分布与水团特征。改进了大洋性次表层水团和中层水团隶属函数的拟合方法，并进一步提出包络曲线法用以拟合次中层混合水团的隶属函数，使铅直向叠置3层水团隶属函数的拟合方法得以配套。应用新方法计算了3层水团在南海全海域的分布，从整体上把握了次表层高盐水团、次中层混合水团和中层低盐水团在南海中的分布及变化情况，讨论了它们的特征、差异和形成原因。

关键词： 水团； 隶属函数； 南海； 巴士海峡

中图法分类号： P731.16    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-861-06

　

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A Numerical Study of Phytoplankton Biomass in the Bohai Sea in 1999

　

GAO Huiwang， WANG Qiang

　

(Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao  266003， China)

　

Abstract： On the basis of HAMSOM, a threedimensional dynamical NPZD model for the Bohai Sea plankton ecosystem is constructed with phytoplankton biomass(P), zooplankton biomass(Z), nitrite, phosphate(N) and detritus(D) as  the state variables. By using the relatively new data sets for the topography, wind and river runoff as forcing, and the data from two joint SinoGermany cruises in 1998 and 1999 for the initial inputs and validations, the annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass and primary production of the Bohai Sea in 1999 are simulated, and they are overall in good agreement with the observations. The results indicate that the annual variation of phytoplankton biomass in most areas of the Bohai Sea is doublepeaked and algae break out in spring and autumn, while in Bohai Bay and the north of Liaodong Bay the variation is onepeaked, probably owing to transparency and local depths in the three other regions. The annual variation of primary production is doublepeaked in Laizhou Bay and onepeaked in the other three regions. The mean value of primary production in the Bohai Sea is 257mgC/m 2/d in 1999.

Key words: the Bohai Sea; phytoplankton; primary production; marine ecosystem dynamic model

　

1999年渤海浮游植物生物量的数值模拟

　

高会旺， 王 强

　

(中国海洋大学 海洋生态环境实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 以浮游植物量、浮游动物量、营养盐浓度(包括无机氮和无机磷)以及碎屑量为生态变量，在HAMSOM水动力学模式的基础上构建了1个三维浮游生态动力学NPZD模型。采用此模型研究了渤海1999年浮游植物量和初级生产力的变化情况，模拟结果与实测基本相符。模拟结果表明：1999年渤海浮游植物量的变化大致呈双峰分布，春季水华出现在4，5月份，秋季水华出现在9，10月份；受透明度和局地水深的影响，渤海湾和辽东湾北部浮游植物量的年变化呈夏季大、冬季小的单峰分布。1999年渤海不同海区初级生产力的变化特征是：除莱州湾一年中有春、夏2个峰值外，其它3个海区都是夏季高、冬季低的单峰分布；1999年整个渤海年平均的初级生产力为257mgC/m 2/d。

关键词： 渤海； 浮游植物量； 初级生产力； 海洋生态模型

中图法分类号： P22.4, Q148    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-867-07

　

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Geochemistry of Xuebaoding Alkali Granite and Its OreControlling Effect

　

CAO Zhi-min 1, ZHENG Jian-bin 1, AN Wei 1， LI You-guo 2

　

(1. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

　

Abstract： Xuebaoding alkali granites have high concentrations of W, Sn, Be and other trace elements assemblages characteristic of oreforming native rocks. The rare earth elements feature low total REE abundances and LREE/HREE ratios, and negative Eu anomalies. The variations of ratios of K/Rb, U/Th and Nb/Ta and attitudes of ore veins indicate that W(Sn)Be vein deposits are genetically related to hydrothermal fluids, which, in turn, originated from the late stage of magma evolution.

Key words: alkali granite; W(Sn)Be; trace elements; rare earth elements

 

雪宝顶碱性花岗岩岩石地球化学与成矿控制  

　

曹志敏 1， 郑建斌 1， 安 伟 1， 李佑国 2

　

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 成都理工大学地球科学学院 四川 成都 610059)

　

摘 要： 对雪宝顶碱性花岗岩具有高丰度的W、Sn、Be含量和W、Sn矿化花岗岩的微量元素组合特征进行了分析，结果显示：稀土元素具有∑REE含量与LREE/HREE比值偏低和负Eu异常的特点；元素比值K/Rb，U/Th，Nb/Ta的规律性变化以及矿脉产状特征等表明W(Sn)Be脉状矿床形成于岩浆演化晚期，与岩浆期后的热液活动有关。

关键词： 碱性花岗岩； WSnBe； 稀土元素； 微量元素

中图法分类号： P595； P588.15      文献标识码： A           文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-874-07

　

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Visualization of Drilling Data in Coastal Zones

　

SUN Xiao-gong， XU Ke-hui， CHU Zhong-xin， HUANG Hai-ting

　

(College of Marine Geosciences， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)

　

Abstract： Based on national standards, by using objectoriented programming tool Visual Basic and component GIS tool MapObjects , the technique of visualization and analysis of drilling data in a coastal zone is studied in this paper. The study focuses on the realization of the visual query and the automatic drawing of singlecolumn and multicolumn drill profiles. The study results show that the technique can be used to realize the visualization and analysis of drilling data in coastal zones effectively.

Key words： drill； profile； visualization； GIS

 

海岸带钻孔数据的可视化

　

孙效功， 胥可辉， 褚忠信， 黄海挺

　

(中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 采用组件式GIS软件MapObjects和面向对象编程工具Visual Basic对海岸带钻孔数据的可视化技术进行了分析和研究。对此，参照国家标准建立了相关图式库，实现了矢量钻孔图层显示与查询、单钻孔柱状剖面图和多钻孔剖面对比分析图的自动绘制等功能，并对其对比分析的算法作了讨论。结果表明该技术可以有效地实现海岸带钻孔数据的分析及可视化工作。

关键词： 钻孔； 柱状图； 可视化； 地理信息系统

中图法分类号： TP391.41      文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-881-05

　

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Review 

Geochemistry of Ferromanganese Crusts and the Tracing of Paleocean Environment

　

ZHAO Guang-tao 1, PENG Jun 1， TIAN Li-yan 1， HAN Zong-zhu 1， YANG Sheng-xiong 2

　

(1. Institute of Marine Geoscience, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Bureal, MLR, Guangzhou 510075, China)

　

Abstract： Ferromanganese crusts are one of the most potentially valuable mineral resources. Recently, scientists have found that ferromanganese crusts with lower growth rates and with no or few sediments during their formation can reflect the changes in oceanic environment that took place on ten millionyear scales and can reflect the history of deposit gap, which is impossible by studying the pelagic sediments. So research on ferromanganese crusts can provide records of paleocean environment. Ferromanganese crusts can be used as a paleocean environment tracer. This paper mainly presents a review of the latest research of crust's depthage dating, paleocean environment tracing with major elements, trace elements, and Sr,Nd and Pb istopes.

Key words: ocean; ferromanganese crusts; depthage dating; paleoceanic environment tracing

 

综 述

大洋铁锰结壳的地球化学与古海洋环境示踪

　

赵广涛 1， 彭 俊 1， 田丽艳 1， 韩宗珠 1， 杨胜雄 2

　

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 国土资源部广州海洋地质调查局， 广东 广州 510000)

　

摘 要： 主要回顾近年来铁锰结壳在深度定年、主量元素、微量元素及Sr，Nd，Pb同位素地球化学及其古海洋环境示踪方面的主要研究进展，并提出有关认识和展望。

 

关键词： 大洋； 铁锰结壳； 深度定年； 古海洋环境示踪

中图法分类号： X142; P736.4    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-886-07

　

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Multivariate Compound Extreme Value Distribution and Its Application

　

LIU Defu 1, WANG LiPing 1, SONG Yan 2, PANG Liang 1

　

(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Shanghai Waterway Engneering Design Institute, Shanghai 200120, China)

　

Abstract： With the development of offshore engineering, the joint probability study for extreme sea environments has been a subject of increasing interest to both mathematicians and engineers. However, the conventional multivariate probability distribution models do not describe the distribution of the occurrences of extreme sea states induced by Typhoon, Hurricane or winter storm, and thus fail to reflect the probability characteristics of sea environments in all their aspects. Extreme sea environments are typically to be found in storms like Typhoon, and the occurrences of such storms in certain sea areas, varying from year to year, may be fitted to a discrete distribution. By compounding the discrete distribution with a multivariate continuous distribution of some extreme sea environments, a new kind of distribution—Multivariate Compound Extreme Value Distribution(MCEVD) is obtained in this paper.The first part of this paper proposes two types of MCEVD:  PoissonNested Logistic Trivariate  Compound Extreme Distribution and PoissonGumbel Mixed Compound Extreme Distribution.The second part of this paper proposes the stochastic simulation technique for MCEVD. Both the theoretical solutions and stochastic simulation techniques are used in predicting disaster prevention design water level for Shanghai city, in designing of platform

deck clearance wave overtopping of breakwaters in the  HongKong sea areas, and in flood(peak, voluame, frequency) analysis for  the Yangze River.

Key words: compound extreme value; multivariate probability distribution; design standard; stochastic simulation; PoissonNested Longistic Trivariate Compaund Extreme Distribution; PoissonGumbel Mixed Compound Extreme Distribution

　

复合极值分布理论及其工程应用

　

刘德辅 1， 王莉萍 1， 宋 艳 2， 庞 亮 1   

　

(1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 上海航道工程勘测设计研究院 上海 200120)

　

摘 要： 复合极值分布理论在国际上公开发表以来得到了国内外的大量引用和应用。本文就该理论由一维拓宽至多维进行了理论论述，并对其不同模式在海岸、海洋和水利工程中的应用做了实例计算。

关键词： 复合极值分布； 多维联合概率； 设计标准； 随机模拟； PoissonNested Logistic 模型； Poisson-Gumbel Mixed 模型

中图法分类号： P751      文献标识码： A      文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-893-10

　

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A SVDBased Optimal Filtering for MultiChannel Systems with Multiplicative Noise

　

CHU Dongsheng， CHEN Meng， WANG Lu

　

(College of Engineering， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)

　

Abstract: In this paper，an optimal filtering method based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)technique for MultiChannel Systems with Multiplicative Noise is proposed. This method is based on the theory of Optimal Filtering for MultiChannel Systems with Multiplicative Noise, and uses SVD technique as a tool to decompose the covariance matrix P in the original method. The new method succeeds in avoiding the invalidation caused by errors during computation. It is optimal in the sense of linear minimumvariance and has excellent numerical stability. A typical numerical example is used to demonstrate the performance of the method.

Key words: singular value decomposition; multichannel; systems with multiplicative noise; optimal filtering

 

 

基于奇异值分解的多通道带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波算法

　

褚东升, 陈 萌, 王 璐

　

(中国海洋大学工程学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 提出1种基于奇异值分解(SVD)的多通道带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波方法。该方法基于多通道带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波理论 ［1］，利用奇异值分解作为工具，将原算法中的协方差矩阵P进行奇异值分解，可以在一定程度上避免在递推过程中，由于计算误差和舍入误差的积累而引起的协方差矩阵P失去对称性，因而导致算法失效的问题。在保证算法在线性最小方差意义下为最优的同时，具有很好的数值稳定性和鲁棒性。仿真中对改进后算法和原算法估计效果做了对比，仿真结果证明了本文方法的有效性。

关键词: 奇异值分解；多通道; 带乘性噪声系统; 最优滤波

中图法分类号： TP13    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-903-04

　

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 Review

Advances of Differential Equations on Measure Chains

　

ZHANG Bing-gen

　

(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071， China)

　

Abstract： In this paper, we discuss the basic concepts and the advance in the theory of differential equations on measure chains, including the work of the author's research group. Some open problems for further research are posed.

Key words:  measure chains;time scales;dynamic equation;oscillation;boundary value problem;delay

AMS Subject Classifications:34A, 39A

 

综 述

测度链上微分方程的进展

　

张炳根

　

(中国海洋大学数学系， 山东 青岛 266071)

　

摘 要： 综述测度链上微分方程理论的基本概念及其最新进展，包括作者的研究集体所做的工作，也提出一些值得进一步研究的课题。

关键词： 测度链； 时间测度； 动力方程； 振动性； 边值问题； 时滞

中图法分类号： O175     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-907-06

　

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On the Condition of Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems

　

LIU Xin-guo， WANG Xue-feng    

　

(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071,China)

　

Abstract： Condition numbers for polynomial eigenvalue problems have been investigated by Tisseur(2000), Dedieu and Tisseur(2003). By using projective metric, in this paper, a new kind of condition number is defined for homogeneous polynomial eigenvalue problems. The condition numbers defined are independent of the scaling of the coefficient matrices, and therefore may have more applications.

Key words: polynomial eigenvalue problem; homogeneous matrix polynomial; condition number

AMS Subject Classification(2000): 65F15,15A18

　

关于多项式特征值的条件数

　

刘新国， 王学锋

　

(中国海洋大学数学系， 山东 青岛 266071)

　

摘 要： Tisseur(2000)研究了非齐次多项式特征值问题的条件数，所得结果的不足是对无穷特征值必须另外处理；Dedieu和Tisseur(2003)运用微分几何方法研究了齐次多项式特征值问题的条件数，所得结果的不足之处是与系数矩阵的尺度化(scaling)有关。这两种条件数都有各自的应用范围。本文基于投影尺度引入齐次多项式特征值问题的条件数，其优点是与系数矩阵的尺度化无关，因而也许会有较广泛的应用。

关键词： 多项式特征值问题； 齐次矩阵多项式； 条件数

中图法分类号： O241      文献标识码： A      文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-913-05

　

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Robust Control of Singular Perturbation System with Matching Uncertainties

　

GAO Cun-chen 1， WANG Xian-jie 2

　

(1. Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China； 2. Department of Mathematics and Informational Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005， China)

　

Abstract： Based on Lyapunov's stability theory, the robust stability of the singular perturbation system is studied in the presence of structure matching and system uncertainties at the same time. The stability conditions and robust bounds of the stability robust controller of any idea singular perturbation system are given, in which the controller is also the stability robust controller of uncertain singular perturbation system. Robust bounds and the changing range of parameter variation are discussed. Result in this work is an extension of that in reference ［1］.

Key words: singular perturbation system; robust control; robust bounds; matching uncertainty

　

具有匹配不确定的奇异摄动系统的鲁棒控制

　

高存臣 1， 王宪杰 2

 

(1. 中国海洋大学数学系， 山东 青岛 266071； 2. 烟台大学 数学与信息科学系， 山东 烟台 264005)

 

摘 要： 对于同时具有结构匹配不确定和系统不确定量的奇异摄动系统，利用Lyapunov稳定性理论进行了鲁棒性研究。给出了1个理想奇异摄动系统的稳定鲁棒控制也是不确定奇异摄动系统稳定控制的稳定条件和鲁棒界，讨论了鲁棒界及其随参数变化的变化范围。本文是王宪杰，高存臣已有结果的推广。

关键词： 奇异摄动系统； 鲁棒控制； 鲁棒界； 匹配不确定性

中图法分类号： TP13    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-918-03

　

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Research of Advertising Investment Strategies Based Dynamic Optimal Control

　

ZHANG Qin-sheng， MENG Guang-yan

　

(College of Management， Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

　

Abstract： Advertisiog can affect  consumers' behavior and psychology and cause the sales to increase. Enterprise advertising can

be classified into two categories. One is informative advertising, and the other is brand loyalty advertising that belongs to persuasive advertising. The former can be measured by variants denoting the product cognitive population and the latter by the degree of brand loyalty. Based on the analysis of consumers' behavior and the principle of advertising new models are built by integrating the dynamic optimal control theory with practice, optimal solutions are found, and valuable conclusions in practice are obtained.

Key words: advertising management mechanism； informative advertising； persuasive advertising； dynamic optimal control； optimal advertising investment

　

基于动态最优控制的广告投入策略研究

　

张勤生， 孟广燕

　

(中国海洋大学管理学院, 山东 青岛 266071)

　

摘 要： 在消费者行为分析和广告作用原理分析的基础上，利用动态最优控制理论，研究了信息型广告和品牌广告投入比率的确定和广告的最优投入量、投入策略。结合实际建立模型，进行求解与分析，并获得了有实际应用价值的结论。

关键词： 广告管理机制； 信息型广告； 品牌忠诚度广告； 动态最优控制； 最优广告投入

中图法分类号： C931; F224         文献标识码： A        文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-921-04

 

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