Review

New Issues in the Dynamic and Environmental Studies of the Bohai Sea

　

WU De-xing， LIN Xiao-pei， BAO Xian-wen

　

(Institute of Physical Oceanography and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

 

Abstract: In this paper, we firstly review the recent dynamic and environmental studies of the Bohai Sea and analyze the issues that exist in these studies. After the analysis we point out variations and processes of interannual and long term variations of salinity, the relative variations and processes of the circulations in the Bohai and Hunghai Seas, the adjustment of the sediment sources and sinks due to the variations of water and sand input by the Huanghe River are the important issues that require more attention in future dynamic and environmental studies of the Bohai Sea.

Key words: the Bohai Sea; salinity; interannual variation

　

综 述            

渤海动力环境研究应关注的新问题

　

吴德星， 林霄沛， 鲍献文

 

     (中国海洋大学物理海洋研究所， 物理海洋实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 回顾了近几年关于渤海动力环境的研究现状，分析了其中存在的问题。指出渤海盐度长期变化、年际尺度上变化的成因、过程；与此关联的渤海环流乃至黄海环流的变异及其过程；黄河入海的水、沙变化所引起发的渤海沉积物源汇的再调整等应是未来渤海动力环境研究中值得关注的重要问题。

关键词： 渤海； 盐度； 年际变化

中图法分类号： P731.2       文献标识码： A       文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-685-04

 

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 Review

　

Study on Climate Variability of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific

　

LIU Qin-yu

　

(Physical Oceanography Laboratory & OceanAtmospheric Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China)

　

Abstract： Variability of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific is very important in  Global Climate Change and  meridional heat transport. In this paper, new research achievements in the climate variation of the Subtropical Gyre in the North Pacific during the last 10 years are reviewed. The main research achievements are as follows: The propagation features of Rossby waves in the global oceans was first observed using satellite altimeter; It has been confirmed that the Subtropic Countercurrent in the Northern Subtropic Pacific may be divided into two branches, and it has been discovered that one of them is related with the Mode Water in the Northwestern Pacific and the other is the result of OceanAtmosphereLand interaction; The quasi100 day oscillation of the Kuroshio transport has been discovered for the first time, etc. Some new scientific problems concerning the study on the climate variation of the Subtropical Gyre are put forward in this paper.

Key words: North Pacific； subtropical gyre； oceanatmosphere interaction； thermocline circulation

　

综 述

北太平洋副热带海洋环流气候变化研究

　

刘秦玉

　

(中国海洋大学 物理海洋实验室， 海洋－大气相互作用与气候实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 北太平洋副热带环流的变化在全球气候变化和热量的经向输送中占重要地位。本文对近10年有关北太平洋副热带海洋环流气候变化的研究进行了综述。主要研究成果有：用卫星高度计首次观测到全球海洋Rossby波的传播特征；确定了气候意义下北太平洋副热带逆流为2支，揭示了其中一支与北太平洋模态水的存在有关，另一支是夏威夷群岛附近海洋－大气－陆地相互作用的结果；首次发现了台湾以东黑潮流量有显著的准100天振荡等。本文还提出了在北太平洋副热带环流研究中目前存在的新科学问题。

关键词： 北太平洋； 副热带环流； 海洋大气相互作用； 温跃层

中图法分类号： P732.6     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-689-08

 

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Causes for Correlation and Inconsistency Between Two Kinds of Low-Frequent Signals

　

ZHAO Jin-ping 1,  SU Jie 2

　

(1. First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China； 2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： In the analysis of data with amplitude variation, lowfrequency signals may appear as decomposed results, referred to hereafter as filtered lowfrequency signals (FLSs). Lowfrequency signals may also be embodied in the amplitude variation of highfrequency signals, which are called amplitudevaried low-frequency signals (ALSs). The correlation between the two kinds of low-frequency signals is quite good, but with obvious inconsistency between them sometimes. It is indicated in this paper that an FLS embodies an average increase or decrease of the original signal, whereas an ALS expresses the decrease or increase of the difference between the extrema. Obvious inconsistency between the two kinds of lowfrequency signals is determined by the relationship of the maxima and minima. In the example of the surface air temperature (SAT) in Dalian, the extrema are extreme air temperatures in winter and summer. When the variation of winter air temperature is dominant, the running correlation coefficient is positive. When the summer air temperature variation is dominant, the difference of the two kinds of low-frequency signals becomes obvious, a powerful anomalous process must have occurred to destroy the normal process. The SAT in Dalian is mainly controlled by the cold system of the frigid zone. However, when in El Nina events appear, the process in the tropic zone enhances and the inconsistency between the FLS and ALS occurs. There are six negative time periods in the running correlation coefficient in our example from 1965 to 2003, and all of them coincide with the periods of El Nino processes. It is suggested that the FLS is effective in expressing an average low frequency process, whereas the ALS be used to reveal the exact cause of the average variation. The correlation analysis of FLS and ALS is helpful in extracting information on anomalous events.

Key words: temporal process; lowfrequency variation; running correlation; variable amplitude; air temperature

 

两种低频信息的关联和形成差异的原因

　

赵进平 1， 苏 洁 2

　

(1. 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266061； 2. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003) 

摘 要：在变振幅的数据分析中，低频信号可以反映在低频分析结 果中，也可以体现在高频信号的振幅变化中。本文将其分别称为滤波低频信号和变幅低频信 号。两种低频信号有很好的相关性，也存在明显差别。研究结果表明，滤波低频信号反映了 过程整体性的上升或下降，变幅低频信号反映了极大值与极小值之间差异的缩小或加大。两 种低频信号的差异多源于原始信号极大值与极小值变化过程之间的关系。在本文的例子中， 冬季气温变化占优势时两种低频信号的滑动相关系数为正值；夏季气温变化占优势是导致 两 种低频信号差异的根本原因，在物理上表现为一定发生了强大的异常过程，打破了气温正常 变化的秩序。大连站的气温变化主要受制于北方的冷空气过程，但当厄尔尼诺事件发生时， 热带的暖过程大大加强，导致两种低频信号发生明显的差异。从1965～2003年，滑动相关 系数共出现6次负时段，都对应着厄尔尼诺事件。因此，在低频过程的研究中，需要用滤波 低频信号研究整体性的低频变化。但是，在希望获取导致整体变化的主要成分时需要使用变 幅低频信号。另外，在揭示异常过程时需要用滑动相关系数来发现两种低频信号的差异，提取异常信息。

关键词：时间过程分析； 低频变化； 滑动相关； 变振幅； 气温 

中图法分类号：P714+3   文献标识码：A    文章编号：1672－5174(2004)05－697－07

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On the Fetch Law for Wind Waves in Deep Water

GUAN Chang-long 1， ZHANG Shu-fang 1， SUN Jian 1， SUN Qun 1,2

　

(1.  Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

　

Abstract: The existing wind wave growth formulas (WWGFs) in the form of power function, which were presented on the basis of measurements, are analyzed. It is shown that these WWGFs after eliminating the fetch are uniformly consistent with the 3/2 power law, though there are considerable discrepancy among them.It is found that there are similarities in terms of spectral integral among the wind input source terms given by Jeffreys, Sverdrup and Munk, and Plant and among the wave breaking dissipation source terms given by Tsikunov,Hasselmann and Philips,although the original forms and the physical considerations of these source terms are significantly different. A fractional fetch power law for wind wave growth in deep water is presented by combining the energy balance equation for significant waves with the observed similarities and the 3/2 power law. Semi-empirical WWGFs have been proposed by fitting the existing WWGFs with the derived fetch law. The proposed formulas are agreeably consistent with the available observational data.

Key words: wind wave; wind wave growth; fetch power law; wind input; energy dissipation; wave breaking; the 3/2 power law

　

深水风浪的风区指数律

　

管长龙 1， 张淑芳 1，  孙 建 1， 孙 群 1，2

　

(1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 中国科学院海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266071) 

摘 要：对已有根据观测提出的幂函数形式风浪成长关系进行了分 析。发现这些风浪成长关系在消去无因次风区后一致地与3/2指数律相协调，尽管它们原来 存在较大的不协调性。发现Jeffreys，Sverdrup和Munk以及Plant的风能输入源函数在谱积 分意义下具有相似性，而Tsikunov，Hasselmann和Phillips的破波耗散源函数在谱积分意义 下也具有相似性，尽管这些源函数的原始形式和物理背景显著地不同。利用有效波能量平衡 方程，将3/2指数律和发现的风能输入及破波耗散源函数相似性相结合，提出了深水风浪随 风区成长的分式指数律，以得到的分式指数律拟合已有基于观测提出的风浪成长关系提出了 半经验的风浪成长关系，与已有观测数据符合。

关键词：风浪； 风浪成长； 风区指数律； 风能输入； 能量耗散 ； 破碎波； 3/2指数律

中图法分类号：P731.2     文献标识码：A    文章编号：1672－5174(2004)05－704－09

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Review

　

Advance of the Researches on the Variations of Mean-Sea-Level (MSL) in the Coastal Waters of China

　

YU Yi-fa

　

(Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： In this paper, the recent researches on MSL variations in the coastal waters of China are reviewed and summed up. The summarization includes the causes of MSL variations, the development of the means for obtaining MSL data, the methods for analyzing MSL variations, and the main results in studying the rise speed of MSL. The significance and conclusions of the MSL balanced datum correction are briefly elucidated. Research on the 1985 National Elevation Datum and the results obtained are highlighted.

Key words: MSL in the coastal waters of China; causes of variation; methods of analysis; rise speed; balanced datum; 1985 National Elevation Datum

　

综 述

中国近海海平面变化研究进展

　

于宜法

(中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 回顾和总结了近年来有关我国近海地区海平面变化的研究进展。综述了海平面变化的原因，海平面资料获取手段的发展，分析研究海平面变化的方法和模型以及海平面上升速率方面的主要成果；简要介绍了海平面均衡基准订正的意义和主要结论；阐述了1985国家高程基准研究工作和成果。

关键词： 中国近海海平面； 变化原因； 研究方法； 上升速率； 均衡基准； 1985国家高程基准

中图法分类号： P731.23    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-713-07

 

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An Observational and Numerical Study of a Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea on 11 April， 2004

　

FU Gang 1, WANG Jing-qian 1, ZHANG Mei-gen 2, GUO Jing-tian 1, GUO Ming-ke 3, GUO Ke-cai 3

　

(1. Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Instilute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 3. The Northern Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

　

Abstract: In this paper, almost all available observational data and the RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling SystemVersion 4.4) model are employed to investigate a dense sea fog event occurred over the Yellow Sea on 11 April, 2004. The evolutionary process of this fog event is described based on the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)9 and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)14 visible satellite imagery. Also the synoptic situation prior to the sea fog formation and the temperature difference between the 2m air and sea surface during the sea fog formation are analyzed. The stability of the lower atmosphere when the sea fog occurred are also examined by using sounding data at Qingdao and Cheju stations. Finally, this sea fog event is simulated with the RAMS model. The area of lower horizontal visibility calculated based upon the model outputs agrees surprisingly well with the sea fog region identified from the visible satellite imagery.

Key words: sea fog; 3-dimensional numerical simulation; horizontal visibility

　

一次黄海海雾事件的观测与数值模拟研究——以2004年4月11日为例

　

傅 刚 1,2， 王菁茜 1， 张美根 2， 郭敬天 1， 郭明克 3， 郭可彩 3

　

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋气象系 山东 青岛 266003; 2. 中国科学院 大会物理研究所LAPC开放实验室， 北京 100029； 3. 国家海洋局北海分局海洋预报区台 山东 青岛 266071)

摘 要: 利用各种观测资料和RAMS(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)模式4.4版对2004年4月11日发生在黄海海域的一次海雾事件进行了研究。利用GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)9和NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)14可见光卫星云图对海雾的发生范围、演变过程等进行了描述，并对海雾发生前的大气背景场和气海温差场进行了分析；利用青岛和韩国济州岛2个站的探空资料对海雾发生时低层大气的稳定度进行了分析；利用RAMS模式对本次海雾事件进行了模拟，并计算了大气的水平能见度分布。计算结果与卫星云图所显示的雾区范围分布吻合很好。

关键词： 海雾; 三维数值模拟; 水平能见度

中图法分类号： P426.4；P458    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-720-07

 

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The Variation Characteristics in the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea

　

SUN Ji-lin, LIU Qin-yu

　

(Physical Oceanography Lab.＆ Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction and Climate Variation Lab, Ocean Univerinr of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： The characteristics of atmospheric circulation during summer monsoon onset over the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1958 to 1999. It is found that, there are remarkable differences in the average onset times determined by various indices although for certain years, common variation characteristics do exist during the onset stage. In normal years, the onset time of summer monsoon over the SCS is approximately in the fourth pentad of May. The heating in the south of the SCS near the Equator, along with the cold front from the coastal region of the northern SCS to the northwestern Pacific, over the continent north of the Bay of Bangle, and the cold front itself act together, leading to the onset of the summer monsoon. In early monsoon onset years , the convection in the south of the SCS and the cold air over the northwestern Pacific is stronger than they are in normal years. While in late monsoon onset years , the convection region is shifted northwestward to the eastern Indian Ocean, and the cold air over the northwestern Pacific is weaker than in normal years. From the viewpoint of predicting the onset of summer monsoon over the SCS, once the location of convection area near the equator in the south of the SCS persists, the arrival of cold front may probably indicate the setup of summer monsoon over the SCS. While the persistent location of convection over the eastern Indian Ocean may imply that the summer monsoon will be late, the convection induced by the cold front over the Krushio may contribute more to the summer monsoon onset over the SCS. 

Key words： composite analysis； summer monsoon over the South China Sea； atmospheric circulation； variation characteristics

　

南海夏季风爆发时期的大气环流变化特征

　

孙即霖， 刘秦玉

　

(中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室海气相互作用与气候变化实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘 要：利用美国国家环境预报中心和气象研究中心的42年模式再分 析资料，采用合成分析的方法，考察了南海夏季风爆发时期环流季节变化的特征。研究发现 ：尽管采用不同指标确定的南海夏季风爆发时间在有的年份差别很大，但各种不同指标对应 的南海夏季风爆发时期大气环流的变化具有某些共同的特征。通过对各种指标确定夏季风爆 发时间一致年份的大气环流特征分析表明，延伸到南海北岸附近地区的海上锋区对流加热和 孟加拉湾北部陆地上的对流加热、沿东亚近海向西太平洋推进的冷空气是控制南海夏季风爆 发的主要因素。对南海夏季风爆发早与爆发晚的年份的合成环流特征进一步表明：爆发早的 年份，影响东亚附近海区的冷空气势力和南海南部的对流活动相对强，而爆发晚的年份，冷空气和南海南部的对流活动的影响要相对弱的多。日本本岛南部黑潮海区因冷空气激发的对 流活动对南海夏季风的爆发也有重要的影响。

关键词：合成分析； 南海夏季风； 大气环流； 变化特征

中图法分类号：P732.6；P722.7     献标识码：A    文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05-727-10

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Calculation of Mixing Parameters in Jiaozhou Bay by Intensive Observation of Hydrographic Factors

WEI Hao 1,2, WANG Hai-tang 1, LIU Zhe 1

　

(Ocean University of China, 1. Institute of Physical Oceanography； 2. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： By using the methods of harmonic analysis, power spectrum analysis, linear regression and EOF, the intensive observation data of hydrographic factors in Jiaozhou Bay are analyzed; also calculated are turbulent kinematic dissipation rate and density diffusivity. Jiaozhou Bay is dominated by semidiurnal tidal components with tidal currents flowing back and forth. The rainstorm before the observation causes strong thermohaline stratification. Due to the tidal water exchange with the Yellow Sea, the temperature/salinity appears to be in/out of phase with the tidal elevation. The orders of magnitude of the turbulent kinematic dissipation rate and density diffusivity are 10 -5w·m -3 and 10 -6m 2·s -1, respectively, with their first mode eigenvectors being characterized by increase with depth and corresponding time coefficients having a significant 6hour period.

Key words： hydrographic factors； mixing； Jiaozhou Bay

　

依据水文强化观测计算胶州湾水体混合参数

　

魏 皓 1,2, 王海棠 1, 刘 哲 1

　

(中国海洋大学, 1. 物理海洋研究所； 2. 教育部物理海洋重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘 要：根据2001年夏季胶州湾连续站观测资料，从分析潮汐、潮流特征和温度、盐度变化趋势入手，计算了湍动能耗散率和密度扩散系数。借助调和分析、 谱分析、线性回归和经验正交分析方法，得到各观测要素的统计特征，并讨论其成因。研究 表明，胶州湾以半日潮振荡占优，水平潮流表现为往复流的形式；由于观测前台风过境，降 水骤增，径流量变大，温度、盐度层化显著，并伴随湾内与外海水交换的进行，温/盐与潮 位分别表现为显著的负/正 相关，盐度逐日升高并趋于新的平衡；湍动能耗散率和密度扩散系数的量级分别为10-5 w·m-3和10-6m2·s-1，受强潮流剪切影响该值明显高于陆架边缘 海域，其空间主要模态表现为表层小、底层大，相应时间系数存在大约6h的显著周期。

关键词：水文特征； 混合； 胶州湾

中图法分类号：P731.23    文献标识码：A      文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05-737-05

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Review

Medications for Aquaculture Diseases and the Safety of Aquatic Products

　

ZHAN Wen-bin, LIU Hong-ming, WANG Yue

　

(The Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, LMMEC, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract： Medication is the main approach to controlling the diseases of aquaculture animals. Inadequate remedies can lead to many negative consequences, such as resistance, residues, environment deterioration, finally lead to food safety problems. The main pathogens in aquaculture are virus, bacteria and parasites. The abuse of medicines, not suiting the remedy to the case, few works on residue research, more works on therapy but fewer on prevention, all these can lead to resistance, allergy, poisoning, mutagenicity, careinogenicity and teratogenicity. Therefore, more attention must be paid to ecological aquaculture and disease prevention, to the development of biomedicines and vaccines, to further execution of the laws, and to the realization of an environmentally hazardfree aquaculture.

Key words: aquatic animals diseases; medicine; residues; aquatic products safety

　

综 述

水产养殖病害及其药物控制与水产品安全

　

战文斌， 刘洪明， 王 越

　

(中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室 水产动物病害与免疫研究室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 针对目前我国水产养殖过程中对发生的病害多采用药物控制极易造成因药物使用不当或盲目用药等原因，使细菌产生耐药性、水产品中出现药物残留、养殖环境不断恶化的同时，最终会影响食品安全的现状。从常见病毒病、细菌病，以及寄生虫病等论述开展对药物残留毒性研究，重视专用渔药研制、加强用药指导，减少用药盲目性等工作的重要性。

关键词： 水产养殖病害； 药物； 药物残留； 水产品安全

中图法分类号： S94    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-758-03

 

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Review

Progress in Research of  Marine Bioactive Peptides

　

GUAN Hua-shi, HAN Yu-qian, FENG Xiao-mei

　

(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266101,China)

　

Abstract： In recent years, marine bioactive peptides have been a drug research hotspot. Recent researches on marine bioactive peptides including those isolated from marine organisms and marine protein enzyme hydrolysates are reviewed in this paper. It is intended to provide useful information for further research in marine bioactive peptides.

Key words: marine bioactive peptides; marine organism;  marine protein hydrolysates

　

综 述

海洋活性多肽的研究进展

　

管华诗， 韩玉谦， 冯晓梅 

　

(中国海洋大学国家海洋药物工程技术研究中心， 山东 青岛 266101)

　

摘 要： 根据海洋活性多肽是近年来新药研究热点的现状，本文对天然存在的海洋活性多肽和海洋蛋白酶解活性肽的研究进展进行了综述。为进一步开展海洋活性多肽的研究提供参考。

关键词： 海洋活性多肽； 海洋生物； 海洋蛋白酶解物

中图法分类号： R 969    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-761-06

　

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 Review

Stress in Aquaculture and Its Prevention with Emphasis on Nutritional Methods

　

MAI Kang-sen, AI Qing-hui， XU Wei, LIU FU Zhi-guo

　

(The Key Laboratory of Maricultur, Ministry of Education， Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)

　

Abstract： Stress in aquaculture is a stimulus of environmentalfactors acting on aquatic organisms that are unable to maintain a normal physiologic state because of various factors adversely affecting its wellbeing. The stresses in aquaculture can be divided into four categories: physical stress, chemical stress, biological stress and management stress. The evaluation indices for stresses include blood cortisol, glucose, lactate, catecholamine and heat shock protein, etc. Stresses usually have negative effects on the physiology, growth and reproduction, immunity, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. In order to prevent stresses or alleviate their negative influences, stressors should be removed and/or the stress resistance of animals should be enhanced. In this paper, the available literature in the past 10 years on aquaculture stresses are reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on nutritional methods for stresse influence minimization. The mechanism for the prevention of stresses or the alleviation their influence of through nutritional modulation needs further studies.

Key words： aquaculture; stress; prevention; nutrition

　

综 述

水产养殖中的环境胁迫及其预防——营养学途径

　

麦康森, 艾庆辉， 徐 玮， 刘付志国

　

(中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 环境胁迫强弱程度的不同对养殖动物的生理功能、免疫力、生长和繁殖有不同程度的负面影响。本文综述近10多年来关于水产养殖环境胁迫的最新研究成果，重点介绍如何通过营养调控提高养殖动物的抗胁迫能力，以缓解或减轻环境胁迫所带来的负面效应。并指出未来的重要研究方向是探讨提高养殖动物抗胁迫能力的途径和作用机制。

关键词： 水产养殖； 环境胁迫； 预防； 营养

中图法分类号： S963.16    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-767-08

 

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 Review

Progress of Marine Shellfishes Culture in China and Its Prospect

　

WANG Ru-cai, ZHENG Xiao-dong

　

(College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

　

Abstract: In this paper, the remarkable achievements of marine shellfishes culture in China are reviewed, including enlargement of aquaculture area, yields and species, improvement of seedling technique, development of introduction and breeding as well as some successful experiments of polyculture and rotational culture. The problems are also summarized such as culture pollution, overloaded culture, diseases etc. The directions and strategies in marine shellfish culture are put forward.

Key words: marine shellfish； culture progress； review

　

综 述

我国海产贝类养殖进展及发展前景

　

王如才, 郑小东

　

(中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 综述了我国贝类养殖中养殖面积、产量和养殖种类不断增加；苗种生产技术不断完善；引种和育种得到了飞速发展，混养与轮养技术取得的宝贵经验等成绩。总结了目前存在并急需解决的引种和育种、污染、超负荷养殖、病害等问题，提出了今后发展的方向和战略构想。

关键词： 海产贝类； 养殖进展； 综述

中图法分类号： S968.3    文献标识码： A    文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-775-06

 

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 Review

The Occurrence, Ecological Effects of HAB and Countermeasures Against it

　

PAN Ke-hou,  JIANG Guang-xin

　

(The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao  266003, China)

　

Abstract： The definition, inductive factors, ecological effects and treatments of harmful alga bloom(HAB) are discussed in this paper. Based on these aspects, the prospects of research on HAB are predicted to present advice on the research of HAB, including prediction, precaution, ecological treatments and loss reduction.

Key words: harmful alga bloom(HAB); toxic effect; factor; research status; prospect

　

综 述

有害藻华(HAB)的发生、生态学影响和对策

　

潘克厚, 姜广信

　

(中国海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室,  山东 青岛  266003)

　

摘 要： 论述了有害藻华(HAB)的含义、成因及其生态学影响，总结了目前有害藻华的治理方法。在此基础上，对今后赤潮研究的发展趋势作了预测，以期为赤潮的研究工作、预警预报和生态学防治及其防灾减灾提供借鉴。

关键词： 赤潮(HAB)； 毒害作用； 成因； 研究现状； 发展趋势

中图法分类号：X55      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05-781-06

　

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The Effect of Salinity and pH Changes on Gill Na +K +ATPase Activity of  Litopenaeus vannamei

　

PAN Lu-qing, LIU Zhi, JIANG Ling-xu

　

(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,China)

　

Abstract： This paper studies the influence of salinity and pH on gill Na +K +ATPase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The results indicate that salinity and pH changes have a significant effect on gill Na +K +Atpase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei (F＞F0.01). During the first 3 days of the salinity treating, the gill Na +K +ATPase activity of the shrimp in all treatments increased gradually with the sampling time, and the enzyme activity in every treatment  tended to be stable in the period from the third to fifteenth day and were markedly high as compared to the control treatments(F＞F0.05), meanwhile the salinity lowered as the enzyme activity increased. During the first 3 days of the pH changes, the gill Na +K +ATPase activity of all treatments changed in curved loci, and the peaks appeared at 9th hour and 12th hour separately when pH value of assay groups decreased or increased compared with the controls. During the period from the third to twelfth day, gill Na +K +ATpase activity of all treatments tended to be stable and had no significant differences (F＜F0.05).

Key words： salinity; pH; Litopenaeus vannamei; gill; Na +K +ATPase

　

盐度、pH变化对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力的影响

　

潘鲁青， 刘 志， 姜令绪

　

(中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

　

摘 要： 本文研究了盐度、pH变化对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力的影响。结果表明：盐度、pH变化对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力的影响显著(F＞F0.01)。在盐度变化(30→5)3d内，各处理组鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力随着处理时间的增加逐渐升高；至3～15d时，不同盐度下鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力趋于稳定，与对照组相比酶活力明显升高(F＞F0.05),而且盐度越低酶活力越大。在pH变化(7.0←8.0→9.5)3d内，各处理组鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力随着处理时间的增加呈峰值变化，表现为向低pH和向高pH变化分别于9h和12h达到最大值，至3d时均恢复正常；在pH变化3～12d内，不同pH环境下鳃丝Na +K +ATPase活力无明显差异(F＜F0.05)。

关键词： 盐度； pH； 凡纳滨对虾； 鳃丝； Na +K +ATPase

中图法分类号： X171.1；S968.22     文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05-787-04

　

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