南沙海区温度细结构正态性检验
国家重点科技专项(859270503)资助
收稿时期：19990427；修订日期：19991025
方欣华，男，1938年5月出生，教授，博导。
方欣华 吴 巍 刘 煜 鲍献文
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 对南沙海区观测得的部分温度脉动一深度序列作了正态检验。检验时先用根据序列的自回归模型构成的滤波器滤去序列元素间之相关性产生白噪声序列，而后用χ2一拟合优度检验法对此白噪声序列作正态性独立同分布检验并对偏度与峰度作了检验。检验结果表明，除少数样本近似正态分布外，大多数样本的分布为非正态的，这是在样本内小于内波尺度的不可逆细结构所起的作用。
关键词 正态性检验； 概率密度； CTD； 温度细结构； 南海
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 10011862(2000)0218906
On the Gaussianity Test of Temperature Finestructure
in a Region Surrounding the Nansha Islands
Fang Xinhua Wu Wei Liu Yu Bao Xianwen
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao，266003)
Abstract The Gaussianity test is studied for pretreated and detrended CTD temperaturedepth series. Firstly, the correlation between the elements of the series is filtered by passing through a filter based on an autoregressive model bestfitting the series, to yield a whitenoise series. Then the Gaussianity of the whitenoise series is tested using Chisquare goodnessoffit test and skewnessandkurtosis test. The test results show that the sample distributions do not accord with Gaussianity distribution with a few exceptions. This is the effect of irreversible finestructure with scales smaller than those of internal waves.
Key words Gaussianity test; probability density; CTD;finestructure; the South China Sea
北及赤道东太平洋SST近半个世纪的长期变化
国家8638180605课题资助
收稿日期：19990420；修订日期：19990708
徐启春，男，1956年2月出生，副教授。
徐启春 王赐震 许乃猷 黄 磊
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 根据1951～1997年太平洋SST资料，计算分析了东赤道太平洋区SST和北太平洋ElNin～o 海温场的近47年长期变化趋势，并运用距平累积曲线法、信噪比法和跃变参数法，分析给出二者变化过程中的转折年和跃变年。结果表明，这两者在开始时，虽有小段时期呈微小下降，但总的变化呈增暖趋势；其跃变年前者发生在1980年，后者在1977年；转折年都在1957年附近和1990年。此外，从季平均海温的EOF1场来看，只有秋季才是最典型的ElNin～o场。
关键词 太平洋SST，ElNin～o事件；长期变化趋势；转折；跃变
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 10011862(2000)0219506
The SST Variations in North and Eastern
Equatorial Pacific from 1951 to 1997
Xu Qichun Wang Cizhen Xu Naiyou Huang Lei
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The long time variations of SST field of ElNin～o events in the Northern Pacific and of SST in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific have been analyzed through the data in 19511997. The inflexion and jumping years of their variation processes are identified by means of the anomaly cumulating curve, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the jumping parameter. As a main result it is shown that their overall variation tendency appears that they were warming or intensifying, their jumping years occurred in 1980 (the former) and 1977 (the latter), their inflexion years all occurred near 1957 and 1990.
Key words Pacific SST; ElNin～o events; long time variations; inflexion; jumping.
长江口以外海域风暴潮
与天文潮的非线性相互作用国家“九五”重点攻关项目(969220303)资助
收稿日期：19991216；修订日期：20000119
周旭波，男，1964年1月出生，硕士，讲师。
周旭波 孙文心
(青岛海洋大学物理海洋研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 一个二维数值模式被用于研究长江口以外海域的风暴潮与天文潮的非线性相互作用。用这个模式模拟了1981年8114号台风与天文潮共同作用下所引起的风暴潮增水。8114号台风是近20年中最重要的台风之一。该台风登陆点附近有吴淞验潮站，这里有完整的风暴潮水位记录。计算结果与该站实测值符合较好，说明模拟是成功的。此外，从模拟结果中还可得出一些有益的结论。
关键词 风暴潮；天文潮；非线性相互作用；增水；长江口
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 10011862(2000)0220106
The NonLinear Interaction BetweenStorm Surges and Astronomical Tidesin the Sea Area off River Changjiang’s Mouth
Zhou Xubo Sun Wenxin
(Institute of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract A 2dimensional numerical model is used to study the nonlinear interaction between storm surges and astronomical tides in the sea area off the Changjiang River mouth. By using this model the storm surge residual caused jointly by the 8114 Typhoon and tides is simulated. The 8114 Typhoon is one of the most important typhoons in the recent 20 years. There is a tidal station, Wusong Station, near the place where the 8114 Typhoon landed. Here there are complete records of water level caused by the surge. The simulated results and the observations tally well. This indicates that the simulation is successful. In addition, from the simulated results some useful conclusions have been drawn.
Key words Storm surges；astronomical tides; nonlinear interaction; water level; River Changjiang's mouth
海水养殖水体中危害性纤毛虫原生动物研究Ⅰ.
盾纤目习见类群的口器结构及鉴别特征
国家自然科学基金课题(39970098)资助
收稿日期:19990326;修订日期：19991109
宋微波,男，1958年12月出生，教授，博导。
宋微波 朱明壮 陈子桂 王 梅
(青岛海洋大学，教育部水产养殖开放实验室，青岛266003)
摘 要 对发现自我国北方海区养殖环境中危害性盾纤目纤毛虫的常见类群 (16属) 之口器结构、一般形态学与鉴别特征以及属种模式做了概要性介绍。同时涉及了生活类型、已知种的分布范围、纤毛图式水平的示差鉴别及属级定义并借助模式图例为该类广泛分布而又不易识别的病害纤毛虫类群提供了一份简明的病原鉴定资料。
关键词 海洋纤毛虫；盾纤目；病害；水产养殖
中图法分类号 S852.72+4；S946.2+1；S941.51
文章编号 10011862(2000)0220710
Diagnostic Assessment of Some Common Pathogenic
Genera within the Order Scuticociliatida:
Members Inhabiting Mariculture Biotopes
Song Weibo Zhu Mingzhuang Chen Zigui Wang Mei
（Aquaculture Research Laboratory,Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao，266003）
Abstract This work has generalized the morphological features of some pathogenic scuticociliatid ciliates which commonly occur in various eutropic / saprobic marine habitats (e. g. mariculture waters) in China especially as facultative parasite or ecoto- as well as endocommensal organisms on or within fishes, molluscs and shrimp. Sixteen genera are schematically described: Paralembus, Metanophrys, Mesanophrys, Paranophrys, Homalogastra, Philasterides, Porpostoma, Cyclidium, Miamiensis, Parauronema, Uronema, Pseudocohnilembus, Cohnilembus, Pleuronema, Ancistrum, and Pseudocyclidium. This work is expected to concentrate upon the diagnostic characteristics for genera separation based mainly on the infraciliature and the structure of oral apparatus revealed by silver impregnations in order to give a clearer and practical guide for the identification of those small, usually morphologically similar and highly confused ciliated protozoa.
Key words Marine ciliates; scuticociliates; pathogeneic; mariculture
海洋贝类的病害性纤毛虫研究Ⅰ.吻毛类纤毛虫国家973课题(G1999012001)及国家自然科学基金课题(39970098)资助
收稿日期：19990708；修订日期：20000128
徐奎栋，男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学，教育部水产养殖开放实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 报道采自山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中寄生/共栖的3种吻毛类纤毛虫: 原生钩毛虫 (Ancistrocoma primigenius)、派氏钩毛虫 (Ancistrocoma pelseneeri) 及威海下毛虫 (Hypocomides weihaiensis)。作者依据活体观察、蛋白银和银浸法染色对其活体形态学、纤毛图式及银线系进行了综合描述。该研究系钩毛虫属纤毛虫在我国的首次报道。
关键词 吻毛类；寄生虫；海洋纤毛虫；贝类
中图法分类号 S852.72+4；S944.3；S941.51 文章编号 10011862(2000)0221707
Studies on Pathogenetic Ciliates from Marine Molluscs Ⅰ.
Rhynchodida Ciliates (Protozoa，Ciliophora)
Xu Kuidong Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory，Ocean University of Qingdao，Qingdao，266003)
Abstract This work deals with three rhynchodid ciliates found in the mantle cavity of marine molluscs off the coast of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay. Three species: Ancistrocoma primigenius，Ancistrocoma pelseneeri and Hypocomides weihaiensis were morphologically investigated based on living observations，protargol impregnation and wet silver impregnation techniques，of which Ancistrocoma primigenius and A. pelseneeri are the new records in China. The morphometric data and comparative studies of these ciliates with original descriptions are presented.
Key words Rhynchodida; parasite; marine ciliate; mollusc
海洋贝类的病害性纤毛虫研究Ⅱ.嗜污亚目盾纤类纤毛虫
国家973课题(G1999012001)及国家自然科学基金课题(39970098)资助
收稿日期：19990708；修订日期：20000128
徐奎栋，男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖开放实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 报道山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中共栖的2种盾纤类纤毛虫，含1新种: 大粘叶虫 (Myxophyllum magnum n. sp.) 及1种国内新记录: 双壳吸触虫 (Thigmophrya bivalviorum)。作者依据活体观察及蛋白银染色对其活体形态学、纤毛图式进行了综合描述，并对粘叶虫属和吸触虫属属的定义做了新的修订。
关键词 盾纤类;寄生虫;海洋纤毛虫;新种;贝类
中图法分类号 S852.72+4；S944.3；S941.51 文章编号 10011862(2000)0222406
Studies on Pathogenetic Ciliates from Marine Molluscs Ⅱ.
Philasterine Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)
Xu Kuidong Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Two philasterine (Order Scuticociliatida) ciliates found in the mantle cavity of marine molluscs off the coast of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay were morphologically investigated based on living observations and protargol impregnation techniques. Of which one species is new: Myxophyllum magnum n. sp., the other species: Thigmophrya bivalviorum Chatton and Lwoff, 1926 is a new record in China. The morphometric data and comparative studies of these ciliates with related species are presented. Improved diagnosis of the genus Myxophyllum according to the morphology and infraciliature of Myxophyllum magnum n. sp., together with the description of the new species is given as follows.
Improved diagnosis of the genus Myxophyllum: Thigmophryidae with dorsalventrally compressed body; ciliature densely arranged; cytostome located posteriorly on ventral side; several ventral kineties on the right side of suture, which enter into the vestibulum, encircling and going out as the kineties of the right part of the ciliature; some other ventral kineties on the left side of suture bending and entering into the vestibulum, and going out as the kineties of the left part.
Diagnosis of Myxophyllum magnum n. sp.: Body strongly dorsalventrally compressed, body size about 160～200μm×60～120μm; one macro and micronucleus, macronucleus long sticklike and microculeus spherical; about 215～238 somatic kineties; 8 ventral kineties on the right side together with 4～6 kineties on the left side entering into the vestibulum; oral apparatus degenerated as loosely arranged basal bodies on the left side of somatic kinety 1.
Host and site: Mantle cavity of the mariculture mollusc, Sinonovacula constricta (Lamarck) off the coast of Qingdao (36°08'N, 120°43'E), Shandong Province, China. Water temperature about 21℃, salinity ca. 30.
Type specimens as two protargol impregnated slides (registered number: JM95101501, 02) are deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of Qingdao, P. R. China.
The new species differs from the known form, Myxophyllum steenstrupi (Stein, 1861) Raabe, 1934 in its bigger size (length ca. 170～230 vs 100～150μm), more somatic kineties (215～238 vs 125) and one macronucleus (vs 7).
Key words Scuticociliatida; parasite; marine ciliate; new species; mollusc
海洋贝类的病害性纤毛虫研究Ⅲ. 触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫
国家973课题(G1999012001)及国家自然科学基金课题(39970098)资助
收稿日期：19990708；修订日期：20000128
徐奎栋，男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖开放实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 报道山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中共栖的3种触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫: 厚鱼钩虫 (Ancistrum crassum)、日本鱼钩虫 (Ancistrum japonicum) 及亚桶形后口虫 (Boveria subcylindrica)。文中依据活体观察、蛋白银及银浸法染色对其活体形态学、纤毛图式及银线结构进行了综合描述，对采自4种不同宿主的厚鱼钩虫种群进行了比较研究。该文系后口虫属纤毛虫在我国的首次报道。
关键词 盾纤类；寄生虫；海洋纤毛虫；贝类
中图法分类号 S852.72+4；S944.3；S941.51 文章编号 10011862(2000)0223007
Studies on Pathogenetic Ciliates from Marine Molluscs Ⅲ.
Thigmotrichine Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)
Xu Kuidong Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract This work deals with three thigmotrichine (Scuticociliatida) ciliates found in the mantle cavity of marine molluscs off the coast of the Yellow Sea and Xiamen Bay. Three species: Ancistrum crassum, Ancistrum japonicum and Boveria subcylindrica were morphologically investigated based on living observations, protargol impregnation and wet silver impregnation techniques. Of which four populations of Ancistrum crassum and two populations of Ancistrum japonicum from different hosts were comparatively studied. The morphometric data and comparative studies of these ciliates with previous descriptions are presented.
Key words Scuticociliatida; parasite; marine ciliate; mollusc
综 述
分子标记在纤毛虫原生动物系统学研究中的应用
国家自然科学基金课题(39970098)资助
收稿日期: 19990714;修订日期：20000128
陈子桂，男，1975年9月出生，博士生。
陈子桂 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室,青岛,266003)
摘 要 综述同工酶、RFLP、RAPD、SAP、AFLP及序列测定技术在纤毛虫原生动物系统分类学研究中的应用。相较传统的形态分类学，分子标记可以从基因和分子水平上提供可靠而丰富的依据。作者就分子标记在该类动物系统分类学研究中的意义及现状作了回顾，并就其应用前景进行了探讨。
关键词 纤毛虫;系统分类;分子标记;综述
中图法分类号 Q81；S852.74+4 文章编号 10011862(2000)0223707
Review
Application of Molecular Markers to the Studies on the
Systematics and Classification of Ciliated Protozoa
Chen Zigui Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract This paper outlines the application of isozyme, PCRRFLP, PCRRAPD, SAP, AFLP and sequencing technique to systematic investigations on ciliated protozoa. Molecular markers can determinate the DNA polymorphism of inter and intraspecific genetic diversity of ciliated protozoa at molecular genetic levels. In comparison with morphological and morphogenetical studies on ciliated protozoa, the DNA polymorphic index exhibits more stable and credible characters, which can be distinguished from those similar or variable species, and helps to make some valuable progresses on taxonomy and biological diversity.
Key words Ciliated protozoa; systematic taxonomy; molecular makers; review
固定标本的DNA提取及PCR扩增
国家自然科学基金课题(39970578)和日本学术振兴会未来开拓学术研究课题(97L00902)资助
收稿日期：19990924；修订日期：20000128
高天翔，男，1962年6月出生，博士，副教授。
高天翔 张秀梅 曾晓起 渡边精一
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003) (日本东京水产大学水生生物系，东京，108-8477)
摘 要 报道福尔马林、酒精固定的日本绒螯蟹标本的DNA提取及PCR扩增，并与冷冻、煮沸标本进行了比较。结果表明，福尔马林固定标本与酒精固定标本一样可以提取DNA，加入的蛋白酶K量越多，DNA的回收率越高。以提取的DNA为模板，进行了线粒体DNA 12S rRNA和Dloop基因片段的PCR扩增，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳PCR扩增产物后均得到了与期待的碱基长度相一致的清晰谱带。
关键词 固定标本；DNA提取；PCR扩增；日本绒螯蟹
中图法分类号 Q178，53；Q347 文章编号 10011862(2000)0224405
DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification from Preserved Samples
Gao Tianxiang Zhang Xiumei Zeng Xiaoqi
(Fishery College, Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003 P.R.China)
Watanabe Seiichi
(Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan)
Abstract DNA extraction and PCR amplification from formalinfixed Japanese mitten crab(Eriocheir japonica De Haan) and alcoholfixed samples were studied and compared with those from frozen samples and boiled samples.
The results show that DNA extraction from the formalinfixed samples could be obtained, like that from the alcoholfixed samples. The more the proteinase K we used, the higher the recovery of the DNA was. Using the DNA as a template, we successfully amplified 12S rRNA and Dloop region of the mitochondrial DNA by PCR. By agarose gel electrophoresis, we obtained clear bands of the PCR products, whose positions were in accordance with the base pairs expected.
Key words preserved sample; DNA extraction;PCR amplification；Eriocheir japonica
The Effects of Pyridoxal Phosphate
on Morphological Changes in Cultured
Hippocampal NeuronsReceived:19991026; Revised: 20000107
Geng Meiyu(耿美玉) Li Jing(李静) Xin Xianliang(辛现良)Deng Gang(邓岗)
Xu Jiamin(徐家敏) Guan Huashi(管华诗)
(Marine Drug and Food Institute,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, P R China)
Abstract The effects of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) on the morphological changes of cultured hippocampal neuron cells were investigated. Hippocampal neurons from an 18 day old embryonic Wistar rat were prepared by enzymatic digestion and exposed to PLP in the low cell density condition. The results indicate that PLP at concentrations of 1, 10μm significantly promoted the elongation of the longest axonlike process in low cell density cultures. On the other hand, PLP showed no effects on other parameters such as the total length of dendrites, the numbers of branch points per axon, and the numbers of processes per soma. Ifenprodil and picrotoxin, although at the concentrations both counteracted the survivalpromoting activities of hippocampal neurons caused by PLP, failed to take any actions on the neurite elongation induced by PLP. In conclusion, PLP did have the elongationpromoting activity for hippocampal neurons, the mechanisms underlying its positive effects on neurogenesis needs to be further elucidated.
Key Words pyridoxal phosphate(PLP);neuronal elongation; cultured hippocampal neurons; Wistar rats
磷酸吡哆醛对培养的海马神经细胞形态学的影响
耿美玉，女，1963年10月出生，博士，教授。 耿美玉 李 静 辛现良 邓 岗 徐家敏 管华诗(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 实验观察磷酸吡哆醛对培养的海马神经细胞形态学的影响，选用妊娠18d Wistar大鼠胎鼠，采用酶消化法获得单个海马神经细胞，通过原代低密度细胞培养法观察磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)对其形态学的影响。结果表明：在浓度为1，10μ m时，能明显地促进海马神经细胞轴突的伸展，但对树突总长度、每个轴突上的分叉数及胞体的突起数均无明显影响；Ifenprodil和Picrotoxin尽管能明显拮抗PLP介导的神经细胞营养作用，但对PLP的促神经细胞伸展作用却无明显影响。总之，认为PLP之所以具有促海马神经细胞轴突伸展作用，不是通过PLP神经细胞的营养作用来发挥的。其详细机理有待于进一步探讨。
关键词 磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)； 神经突触伸展； 培养的海马神经细胞； Wistar大鼠
中图法分类号 Q24；Q599 文章编号 10011862(2000)0224906
柄海鞘Styela clava化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)
收稿日期：19990630；修订日期：20000128
俎成立，男，1974年7月出生，硕士生。
俎成立 顾谦群 方玉春 管华诗
(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 从采自青岛海域的柄海鞘Styela clava中分离得到两个化合物(1)和(2)。经过IR、MS、1HNMR和13CNMR等现代波谱学方法，确定二者的结构分别为1O十六烷酰甘油酯和胸腺嘧啶。它们均为首次从该海域海鞘中得到。
关键词 海鞘；柄海鞘；1O十六烷酰甘油酯；胸腺嘧啶
中图法分类号 R282.77 文章编号 10011862(2000)0225504
Study on the Chemical Constituents of
Ascidian Styela Clava(Ⅱ)
Zu Chengli Gu Qianqun Fang Yuchun Guan Huashi
(Marine Drugs and Foods Institute, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstrct Two compounds (compounds (1) and (2)) were isolated from Ascidian Styela clava collected near Qingdao. The structure of compounds (1) and (2) were elucidated as 1Ohexanoy1glycerol ester and thymine on the basis of spectroscopic methods of IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR, respectively. They were isolated from this Ascidian collected near Qingdao for the first time.
Key words Ascidian; Styela clava; 1Ohexanoylglycerol ester; thymine
中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)幼体
血液循环的活体观察
国家攀登计划B项目(PDB 622)和国家自然科学基金课题(39870110)资助
收稿日期：19990319；修订日期：19991011
马 ，男，1955年9月出生，教授。
马 马 琳 张道波
(国家教育部水产养殖开放研究实验室、青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛,266003)
摘 要 对中国对虾早期幼体的循环系统及血液流向进行了活体观察，描述了中国对虾早期幼体发育阶段中幼体循环系统血管的走向与分布、血液的流向及循环路径等，比较各期幼体循环系统的形态，并探讨对虾早期幼体循环系统的发育过程。
关键词 中国对虾；幼体；血液循环系统
中图法分类号 Q959·223+63⑦；S917 文章编号 10011862(2000)0225906
Study on Larval Circulatory System and Blood Circulating Access of the Shrimp Penaeus Chinensis
(O'sbeck)
Ma Shen Ma Lin Zhang Daobo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Fishery College,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract A study on the circulatory system and blood circulation of living larvae of shrimp Penaeus chinensis was carried out. The locations of main arteries and blood sinuses with the blood circulating are described. The morphological changes and development of larval circulatory system in each larval stage are compared and discussed.
Key words Penaeus chinensis; larvae; blood circulating access
褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)
与狭鳞庸鲽(Hippoglossus stenolepis)
头颅骨骼特征的比较研究国家自然科学基金重点项目(3963260)资助
收稿日期：19990818；修订日期：20000118
焦 燕，女，1972年2月出生，博士生。焦 燕 邢智良 杨秀霞 连建华1
(青岛海洋大学水产学院,青岛 266003 1威海市华信海珍品公司，威海，264300)
摘 要 文中对褐牙鲆和狭鳞庸鲽的头颅骨骼进行了比较研究。两者共同特征均有眼间隔发达、无眶蝶骨、翼蝶骨不发达，上枕骨与额骨连接，左右颅顶骨分离，但无基蝶骨，也没有伪头中骨。褐牙鲆与狭鳞庸鲽在骨骼形状结构上的分异多停留于骨块的形状、大小差异及嵴的发达程度上，其主要区别体现在围眼眶骨、鼻区骨块和颌齿排列等。最后还讨论了褐牙鲆和狭鳞庸鲽的特化以及鲽形目的起源问题。从骨骼结构看，鲽形目应起源于鲈形目而不是鲱形目。
关键词 褐牙鲆；狭鳞庸鲽；头颅骨；解剖；起源
中图法分类号S965.3；Q13 文章编号 10011862(2000)0226505
Comparative Analysis of the Skulls of Bastard Halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Jiao Yan Xing Zhiliang Yang Xiuxia Lian Jianhua
(Fisheries College， Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003Marine Products Company of Huaxin in Weihai,Weihai 264300)
Abstract In the paper a comparative analysis of the skulls of Bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) are studied. Their common characteristics are that the interorbital bone is well developed, but the alisphenoid is not. They have no orbitosphenoi. The interorbital bone and frontal is connected. The right and left parietal are detached. They both have no basisphenoid and pseudomesia bar. Most differences of the skulls between Bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) still rest on the shape, size or the developed degree of the crest. The main differences embody in the circumorbital series, nasal region and jaw teeth. Finally the authors discusse the specialization of Bastard halibut and Pacific halibut, and the evolution of the Pleuronectidae. It seems from the skulls that Pleuronectidae originate from Perciformes but not from Clupeidae.
Key words Bastard halibut; Pacific halibut; skull; anatomy; origin
应用生物扰动实验系统(Annular Flux System)
研究双壳类生物沉降作用
国家自然科学基金课题(497901001；49676300)和国家教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(97042306)联合资助
收稿日期：19990824；修订日期：20000106
张志南，男，1937年11月出生，教授，博导。
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 利用不锈钢环形采泥器，在胶州湾潮间带沿天然断面选取典型站位，现场采取无扰动沉积物样品，应用生物扰动实验系统(Annular Flux System)，选用菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)，在实验室内进行实验。结果表明：菲律宾蛤仔个体的生物沉降率平均为0.15g/m2·h·ind，平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的3.05倍；缢蛏个体的生物沉降率平均为0.29g/m2·h·ind，平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的2.63倍。
关键词 生物扰动实验系统；生物沉降；生物扰动；胶州湾
中图法分类号：Q178.53； 文章编号 10011862(2000)0227007
A Study on the Biodeposition of Bivalves with
the Application of Annular Flux System
Zhang Zhinan Zhou Yu Han Jie Yu Zishan
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Sediments were sampled with minimal disturbance by using stainless steel corer at stations along shore transect from immediately below the bank to the midtide level of the intertidal mudflat of Jiaozhou Bay. Biodeposition experiments were conducted by using two species of typical suspension feeding clams(Ruditapes philippinarum and Sinonovacula constricta) in Annular Flux system, a portable benthic annular flume. The results show that: the average Net Biodeposition Rate of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is 0.15g/m2·h·ind, and its mean biodeposition rate is 3.05 times of the Natural Sedimentation Rate; and the average Net Biodeposition Rate of Sinonovacula constricta is 0.29g/m2·h·ind, and its mean biodeposition rate is 2.63 times of the Natural Sedimentation Rate.
Key Words Annular Flux System; biodeposition; bioturbation; Jiaozhou Bay
我国海洋鱼类和贝类染色体组型研究进展国家攀登计划B项目(PDB651)资助收稿日期：19990802；修订日期：20000128王梅林，女，1941年5月出生，高工。
王梅林 郑家声 朱丽岩 戴继勋
（青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003）
摘 要 综述迄今为止已报道的我国38种海洋鱼类和22种海洋贝类的染色体组型，以及其中6种鱼和1种贝的C－带、AgNOR带等细胞遗传学研究的结果，并对这项研究工作存在的问题进行了探讨并对未来作了展望。
关键词 海洋鱼类；海洋贝类；染色体组型；带型；遗传资源
中图法分类号 Q178.53；Q343
文章编号 10011862(2000)0227708
Advances on Karyotype Study of Marine Fish
and Shellfish in China
Wang Meilin Zheng Jiasheng Zhu Liyan Dai Jixun
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao， 266003)
Abstract The karyotypes of 38 species of marine fishes and 21 species of marine shellfishes in China and Cbanding, AgNORbanding of 6 fishes and 1 shellfish are reviewed in this paper. Also the problems involved in the area are discussed and the prospects in the field are forecasted.
Key words marine fish; marine shellfish; karyotype; banding; genetic resource
卤虫等位酶的遗传控制
国家自然科学基金课题 (39570570)资助
收稿日期：19990708；修订日期：20000128
董树刚：男，1963年1月出生，副教授。
董树刚 付成秋 程继军 高明君
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了孤雌生殖卤虫产生的罕见雄体、两性卤虫及其杂交后代(F1)的酯酶(EST)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(PRX)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、四唑氧化酶(TO)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的同工酶酶谱表型。对编码5种酶的19个位点、35个等位基因的表达进行了遗传分析。结果表明，在EST、PRX和TO酶谱中既有共显性等位基因，又有沉默等位基因的表达；卤虫PRX、ALP和SOD为单体酶，在EST和TO酶谱中还存在着二聚体同工酶；除LDH为单态外，其余5种同工酶为多态酶。
关键词 卤虫；罕见雄体；杂交；等位酶；遗传控制
中图法分类号 Q178.53；Q173 文章编号 10011862(2000)0228507
Genetic Control of Allozymes in the Brine Shrimp (Artemia)
Dong Shugang Fu Chengqiu Cheng Jijun Gao Mingjun
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The zymogram phenotypes of esterase (EST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PRX), alkline phosphatase (ALP), tetrazolium oxidase (TO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rare males from parthenogenetic Artemia, females of bisexual Artemia and their progeny were determined by using polyacry lamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The expression of 35 allozymes at 19 loci coding for EST, SOD, PRX, ALP and TO allozymes was analysed. It was found that there existed both codominant and silent alleles expressed in the zymograms of EST, PRX and TO. The results show that SOD, PRX and ALP isozymes were monosomic, and the discanic isozymes appear in EST and TO zymogram phenotypes of the brine shrimps. It was indicated that LDH was monomrphic, and the other enzymes analysed were polymorphic.
Key words Artemia; rare males; hydrodization; allozymes; genetic control
研究简报
复苏的不同条件对条斑紫菜细胞活性的影响
教育部博士学科点专项科研基金课题(98042303)和“九五攻关”项目(96C010501)资助
收稿日期：19990820；修订日期：19991130
沈颂东，男，1968年7月出生，博士生。
沈颂东 戴继勋
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 对冷藏的条斑紫菜叶状体在不同光照和温度条件下进行复苏实验。复苏的紫菜经海螺酶解离成为单细胞，通过染色检查其细胞活性并且将单细胞培养于适宜的条件下，观察其生长和发育状况，以了解不同复苏条件对冷藏叶状体细胞生理状态的恢复程度。结果表明：(1) 光照不是复苏的必要条件；(2) 温度对复苏很重要，25℃是条斑紫菜的致死复苏温度，10°～20℃是适宜的复苏温度。(3) 复苏时间随温度升高而减少。在10℃的消毒海水中，至少需经历2d，才能达到完全复苏；15℃需1.5d；20℃需1d；23℃复苏时间可减少到12h。复苏主要是细胞吸水膨胀的过程，海水中已经存在足够的营养元素，紫菜细胞在一定的温度下复苏一段时间后，细胞活性恢复，酶解后细胞死亡率低，酶解后存活的单细胞在适当培养条件下，几乎可以全部发育成苗。生产上可以选择在较高温度下，短时间复苏即可大量出苗，实现生产上早出苗的目的。
关键词 条斑紫菜；复苏；细胞活性；发育
中图法分类号 Q178.53； Q343 文章编号 10011862(2000)0229205
The Study of Cell Viability of Porphyra yezoensiswith Various Recover Treatments
Shen Songdong Dai Jixun
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract The preserved frozen thalli of Porphyra yezoensis were recovered in different light and temperature conditions. The recovered thalli were isolated into single cells by sea snail enzyme. Cell viability was measured with the method of Evans Blue and Neutral Red dye. The cells were cultured under the same condition. The growth and development of cells were checked everyday, in order to investigate the recovery levels under different recovery conditions. It was indicated that: (1) light was not the necessary requirement of the recovery; (2) temperature was very important, 25℃ was the lethal temperature of recovery, 10-20℃ was suitable; (3) recovery time was decreased with rising temperature. It took at least 2 days at 10℃ in the recovery medium to attain entire recovery; 15℃, 1.5 days; 20℃, 1 day. When the recovery temperature was 23℃, the time can be reduced to 12 hours. The main factor that affected recovery was the water absorption of cells. In the normal seawater, there has been enough nutrients. When the Porphyra cells were recovered at a certain temperature for a certain time, the cell was recovered and the death rate of the isolated cells was low. Almost all of the isolated living single cells can develop into seedlings under the suitable cultrue conditions. In aquaculture, we can choose recovery at a high temperature and in a short time to produce large quantities of seedlings, thus early seedling growth can be realized.
Key words Porphyra yezoensis; recovery; cell viability; development
研究简报
球形红假单胞菌和荚膜红假
单胞菌的原生质体融合
农业部重点项目(95B960502)资助
收稿日期：19990716；修订日期：20000218
王怡平，女，1941年6月出生，副教授。
王怡平 荚 荣 陈伟元 凌 芸 徐怀恕1
(安徽大学生物系，合肥 230039 1青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛266003)
摘 要 选择一株能利用无机硫化物的球形红假单胞菌(丙酸钠丙露醇+)与荚膜红假单胞菌(甘露醇丙酸钠+)进行种间原生质体融合。探讨了溶菌酶浓度，PEG浓度等对原生质体形成、再生及融合的影响。在最佳条件下原生质体融合率为3.02×10-5。用间接选择法，在高渗选择培养基上选出再生的融合子，经过在二种选择培养基上交替连续传代十次，获得既可利用丙酸钠为唯一碳源又可以甘露醇为唯一碳源而生长的遗传稳定的融合株。融合子菌株对硫化物的耐受能力超过两亲本菌株，在Na2S浓度为0.5～1.0g/L的培养基上生长良好，因此在水质净化中具有潜在的应用价值。
关键词 球形红假单胞菌；荚膜红假单胞菌；原生质体融合；融合率；水质净化
中图法分类号 Q932 文章编号 10011862(2000)0229706
Protoplast Fusion between R. capsulate and R. sphaeroides
Wang Yiping Jia Rong Chen Weiyuan LingYun
(Biology Department of Anhui University, Hefei 230039)
Xu Huaishu
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003)
Abstract A strain of R.sphaeroides which can grow in inorganic sulfides medium and a strain of R. capsulate were selected as the parentsstrains for interspecies protoplast fusion. The effects of Lysozyme concentration and the concentration of PEG6000 on the rates of protoplast formation and regeneration, and the frequency of protoplast fusion were determined. A fusion frequency of 3.02×10-5 was obtained under the optimum condition. The fusants were picked out from the MMS2 medium by the indirect selection method. The fusants with genetic stability which can grow not only using sodium propionate but also using mannitol as the sole carbon resource were screened through ten generations passed on the medium MM1 and MM2 alternately.
The fusant FA33 strain can grow much better than the two parentsstrains in the medium containing a Na2S concentration of 0.110.0g/L and is of potential application value in the purification of water quality.
Key Words R. capsulate; R.sphaeroides; protoplast fusion; fusion frequency; water quality purification
研究简报
大亚湾海水胶体粒子生物—化学研究
Ⅰ(二)痕量金属交换吸附的昼夜变化
国家“九·五”攻关课题(979260403)和基金课题(KZ95T040404)资助
收稿日期：19990406：修订日期：19990722
李 丽，女，1971年8月出生，博士。
李 丽 王肇鼎1 张正斌 潘明祥1 黄洪辉1 韦桂峰1
(青岛海洋大学海洋化学研究所，青岛，266003)
(1中国科学院南海海洋研究所大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站，广州，510301)
摘 要 1998年11月对大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海区定点24h连续观测，测定了痕量金属、营养盐、溶解氧和盐度等项目；利用质量平衡实验验证了切向超滤实验对痕量金属回收的可行性；分析了不同粒径微粒上痕量金属与水环境要素的周日变化特征。
关键词 大亚湾；网箱养殖；痕量金属；水环境要素
中图法分类号 P734.3+4 文章编号 10011862(2000)0230306
Biochemical Studies on Colloid Particles at Daya Bay I (Part 2)
Diurnal Variations of Exchange Adsorption of Trace MetalsLi Li Wang Zhaoding Zhang
Zhengbin Pan Mingxiang Huang Honghui WeiGuifeng
(Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(Marine Biology Research Station at Daya Bay, South China Sea
Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou,510301)
Abstract In November 1998, the data of trace metals, nutrients, DO, salinity etc. were observed continuously at the net cage culture area for 24h in Dapeng′ao(bight) at Daya Bay. The massbalance experiment shows that it is feasible to recover trace metals by crossflow ultrafiltration experiment. The features of diurnal variation in both trace metals in different size fractions and the seawater environmental parameters are analyzed. The relationship between dissolved trace metals and nutriants in the net cage culture area is discussed.
Key words Daya Bay; net cage culture area; trace metal; seawater environmental parameters
长江流域有机碳同位素地球化学特征国家杰出青年科学基金课题(49525609)资助收稿日期：19990405；修订日期：19990913
吴 莹，女，1971年5月出生，博士生。
吴 莹1,2 张 经2 曹建平3 张再峰4 刘素美1 陈洪涛1 熊 辉1
(1 青岛海洋大学化学化工学院，青岛，266003)
(2 华东师范大学河口所国家重点实验室，上海，200062)
(3 地矿部石油地质中心实验室，无锡，214151)
(4 南通环境保护研究所，南通，226006)
摘 要 1997年4～5月，在长江流域采集的土壤、植物和南北支流与主流悬浮颗粒物样品，对其进行了有机质δ13C分析。结果表明，南北支流悬浮颗粒物有机质的δ１３Ｃ值范围在-2.8%～-2.4%，而主流的δ１３Ｃ值分布在-2.64%～-2.45%。南北支流的输入对长江主流不同地段的δ１３Ｃ值有着一定的影响，并对长江流域不同物源的贡献大小进行了估算。研究显示：南部支流中悬浮颗粒物有机质的贡献主要来自高等植物；北部支流中高等植物的贡献相对降低，富含有机质的土壤成了重要来源。
关键词 长江；有机碳同位素(13C)；悬浮颗粒物；地球化学
中图法分类号 P593 文章编号 10011862(2000)0230906
The Character of Carbon Isotope Geochemistry
of the Changjiang Drainage Basin
Wu Ying1,2 Zhang Jing2 Cao Jianping3
Zhang Zaifeng4 Liu Sumei1 Chen Hongtao1 Xiong Hui1
(1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(2State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,
East China Normal University, Shanghai,200062)
(3The Central Laboratory of Petroleum and Geology Institute, Wuxi,214151)
(4Institute of Environmental Protection of Nantong, Nantong,226006)
Abstract Soils, plants and suspended particulate matter samples were collected during the investigation in the Changjiang drainage basin in the Spring of 1997. All the samples covered the main streams and southern, northern tributaries. A carbon isotope geochemistry study was carried out among the samples. The distribution of carbon isotope of suspended particulate matter samples of the tributaries ranged from -2.8%～-2.4%.The variation of carbon isotope of suspended particulate matter in the main stream was -2.64%～-2.45%.The carbon isotope of suspended particulate matter in the different zones of the mainstream was variable related to the different inputs of the tributaries. A simple model was applied to estimating the contribution of different inputs over the Changjiang drainage. The results show that high plants contribution was dominated in the south tributaries and the role of soil was in a higher rank in the north tributaries.
Keywords Changjiang; Carbon isotops (13C); suspended particulate matter; Geochmsitry
复杂地质体粘滞弹性波正演模拟的有限差分法
收稿日期：1999231; 19990913
孟凡顺，男，1960年2月出生，博士后，教授。
孟凡顺 郭海燕 和 转 王渝明
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
(浙江大学，杭州，310027)
摘 要 运用时空域的二阶中心差分法，由运动微分方程、自由边界条件及人工边界上的吸收边界条件，导出了二维非均匀粘滞弹性介质中波传播的二阶显示差分格式。该法可以方便且精确地处理自由表面、人工边界及交接层面。实现了在微机上用有限差分法对地震波在传播过程中的波型转换及波形变化的全波场模拟。
关键词 地震波；粘滞弹性介质；有限差分法；波场模拟
中图法分类号 P631；O242.21 文章编号 10011862(2000)0231506
Viscoelastic Wave Simulating in Complex Medium
by Finite Difference Method
Meng Fanshun Guo Haiyan He zhuan Wang Yuming1
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027)
Abstract The explicit 2ndorder finite difference equations are respectvely derived from the equations of viscoelastic wave and free boundary conditions and absorbing boundary conditions by the central finite difference operation. It can be treated accurately and conveniently by the method to the free surface, the artificial boundary and the interface. The total wave field simulation is realized by this method for the wave pattern conversion and the wave form change in the propagation of the seismic wave.
Key words seismic wave; viscoelastic medium; finite difference method; wave field simulation
研究报告
岩浆岩储层的形成及油气藏类型收稿日期：19990713；修订日期：20000128
范典高，男，1941年4月出生，副教授。
范典高 段本春
(青岛海洋大学地质地球物理研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 对岩浆岩这一特殊油气藏的储层形成及其孔隙结构特征进行了较系统的阐述，认为造成该类储层的决定性因素为构造运动、风化及热液作用等，形成了以次生的裂缝为主的复杂孔隙结构类型，其储渗空间的分布具有局限性和一定的分散性。由此，也造成该类油气藏在分类上的特殊性，即按其储层成因的主导因素可分为：构造裂缝油气藏、古风化壳油气藏及火山碎屑岩油气藏等三大类、若干种；提出岩浆岩油气藏在地壳中分布的规律，为勘探和开发该类油气藏提供一定的理论基础和评价的依据。
关键词 岩浆岩；储层；形成；油气藏；类型；分布规律
中图法分类号 P618.130.2 文章编号 10011862(2000)0232106
The Formation of Magmatic Rock Reservoir
and its OilGas Pool Types
Fan Diangao Duan Benchun
(The Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract This paper discusses the formation of magmatic rock reservoir and its pore structural features in a systematic way. The leading factors for the formation of this kind of reservoir are structural movement, weathering and hot liquid. The secondary pore is the main part in the magmatic rock reservoir pore and the spatial distribution of the reservoir is local and scattering. Based on the leading fact or in formation of the reservoir, the magmatic rock oil-gas pools can be devided into three types: structural crevice oil-gas pool, paleo-weathering-cover oil-gas pool and volcanic slack rock oil-gas pool. The distribution rule of magmatic rock oil-gas pools has thus been revealed. It provides the prospecting and exploration of magmatic rock oil-gas pools with a theoretical basis.
Key words magmatic rock; reservoir; formation; oil-gas pool; type; distribution rule
技术报告
一种基于面向对象的企业建模技术
收稿日期：19990409；20000128
陈 刚，男，1974年11月出生，硕士生。
陈 刚 丁香乾 冯天瑾
(青岛海洋大学信息工程中心,青岛,266003)
摘 要 将一种面向对象的思想应用于企业建模中，利用面向对象的技术实现功能模型和信息模型的集成。对象的独立性和封装性增强了系统的鲁棒性，能适应企业功能和结构的动态重组。提出了对象状态图、对象状态矩阵和对象属性矩阵，容易贯彻“自顶向下”的系统分析策略，使系统的外部视图(用户视图)与内部视图(计算机视图)统一，达到清晰的、完整的描述系统的目的。
关键词 面向对象的设计；企业建模；对象状态图；对象状态矩阵；对象属性矩阵
中图法分类号 TP393.07 文章编号 10011862(2000)0232705
A Kind of ObjectOriented Enterprise Modeling Technique
Chen Gang Ding Xiangqian Feng Tianjin
( Information Engineering Center, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)Abstract Objectoriented concept is applied to enterprise modeling in this article. We also discuss how to integrate functionmodel and informationmodel by the ObjectOriented technique and how to improve the robust of a system based on the independence and encapsulation of the object. We provide the Objectstate diagram, objectstate matrix and objectoperation matrix, which make easy the analysis from “toptodown” and unify the external view (customer view) and internal view (computer view), so that they can discribe the system clearly and completely.
Key words objectoriented designing; enterprise modeling; objectstate diagram; objectstate matrix; objectoperation matrix
LFuzzy集上(DG)Fuzzy积分特性
收稿日期：199904